IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i20p11154-d652424.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Exploratory Study of the Policies and Legislative Perspectives on the End-of-Life of Lithium-Ion Batteries from the Perspective of Producer Obligation

Author

Listed:
  • Chiara Giosuè

    (Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Università Politecnica delle Marche, INSTM Research Unit, 60131 Ancona, Italy)

  • Daniele Marchese

    (Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Università Politecnica delle Marche, INSTM Research Unit, 60131 Ancona, Italy)

  • Matteo Cavalletti

    (MIDAC S.p.A., Soave, 37038 Verona, Italy)

  • Robertino Isidori

    (MIDAC S.p.A., Soave, 37038 Verona, Italy)

  • Massimo Conti

    (Department of Information Engineering (DII), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy)

  • Simone Orcioni

    (Department of Information Engineering (DII), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy)

  • Maria Letizia Ruello

    (Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Università Politecnica delle Marche, INSTM Research Unit, 60131 Ancona, Italy)

  • Pierluigi Stipa

    (Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Università Politecnica delle Marche, INSTM Research Unit, 60131 Ancona, Italy)

Abstract

European self-sufficiency in the battery sector is one of the major EU needs. The key lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) materials demand is expected to increase in the next decade as a consequence of the increment in the LIBs production and a massive amount of spent LIBs will flood global markets. Hence, these waste streams would be a potential source of secondary raw materials to be valorized, under the principle of circular economy. European governments first, and then companies in the battery sector second, are addressing many efforts in improving legislation on batteries and accumulators. This study explores the current legislative aspects, the main perspective from the producer’s point of view, and the possibility to guarantee a proper recycle of spent LIBs. A monitoring proposal by means of a survey has been carried out and the Italian context, which has been taken as an example of the European context, and it was used to evaluate the practical implication of the current legislation. The main result of the survey is that a specific identification as well as regulations for LIBs are needed. The benefit from a cradle-to-cradle circular economy is still far from the actual situation but several industrial examples and ongoing European projects show the importance and feasibility of the reuse (e.g., second life) and recycle of LIBs.

Suggested Citation

  • Chiara Giosuè & Daniele Marchese & Matteo Cavalletti & Robertino Isidori & Massimo Conti & Simone Orcioni & Maria Letizia Ruello & Pierluigi Stipa, 2021. "An Exploratory Study of the Policies and Legislative Perspectives on the End-of-Life of Lithium-Ion Batteries from the Perspective of Producer Obligation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:20:p:11154-:d:652424
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/20/11154/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/20/11154/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Martinez-Laserna, E. & Gandiaga, I. & Sarasketa-Zabala, E. & Badeda, J. & Stroe, D.-I. & Swierczynski, M. & Goikoetxea, A., 2018. "Battery second life: Hype, hope or reality? A critical review of the state of the art," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 701-718.
    2. Levänen, Jarkko & Lyytinen, Tatu & Gatica, Sebastian, 2018. "Modelling the Interplay Between Institutions and Circular Economy Business Models: A Case Study of Battery Recycling in Finland and Chile," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 373-382.
    3. Kostiantyn Turcheniuk & Dmitry Bondarev & Vinod Singhal & Gleb Yushin, 2018. "Ten years left to redesign lithium-ion batteries," Nature, Nature, vol. 559(7715), pages 467-470, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yan Shen & Zizhao Song & Tian Gao & Ji Ma, 2022. "Research on Closed-Loop Supply Chain Decision Making of Power Battery Considering Subsidy Transfer under EPR System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-24, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shahjalal, Mohammad & Roy, Probir Kumar & Shams, Tamanna & Fly, Ashley & Chowdhury, Jahedul Islam & Ahmed, Md. Rishad & Liu, Kailong, 2022. "A review on second-life of Li-ion batteries: prospects, challenges, and issues," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    2. Wang, Mengmeng & Liu, Kang & Dutta, Shanta & Alessi, Daniel S. & Rinklebe, Jörg & Ok, Yong Sik & Tsang, Daniel C.W., 2022. "Recycling of lithium iron phosphate batteries: Status, technologies, challenges, and prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    3. Marcos Ferasso & Tatiana Beliaeva & Sascha Kraus & Thomas Clauss & Domingo Ribeiro‐Soriano, 2020. "Circular economy business models: The state of research and avenues ahead," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(8), pages 3006-3024, December.
    4. Maria A. Franco & Stefan N. Groesser, 2021. "A Systematic Literature Review of the Solar Photovoltaic Value Chain for a Circular Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-35, August.
    5. Syed Abdul Rehman Khan & Pablo Ponce & George Thomas & Zhang Yu & Mohammad Saad Al-Ahmadi & Muhammad Tanveer, 2021. "Digital Technologies, Circular Economy Practices and Environmental Policies in the Era of COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-14, November.
    6. Nguyen-Tien, Viet & Dai, Qiang & Harper, Gavin D.J. & Anderson, Paul A. & Elliott, Robert J.R., 2022. "Optimising the geospatial configuration of a future lithium ion battery recycling industry in the transition to electric vehicles and a circular economy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    7. Figge, Frank & Thorpe, Andrea Stevenson, 2023. "Circular economy, operational eco-efficiency, and sufficiency. An integrated view," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 204(PB).
    8. White, Chris & Thompson, Ben & Swan, Lukas G., 2021. "Comparative performance study of electric vehicle batteries repurposed for electricity grid energy arbitrage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    9. Ida K. Rovanto & Anu Bask, 2021. "Systemic circular business model application at the company, supply chain and society levels—A view into circular economy native and adopter companies," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(2), pages 1153-1173, February.
    10. Ringkjøb, Hans-Kristian & Haugan, Peter M. & Nybø, Astrid, 2020. "Transitioning remote Arctic settlements to renewable energy systems – A modelling study of Longyearbyen, Svalbard," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    11. Kristóf Kummer & Attila R. Imre, 2021. "Seasonal and Multi-Seasonal Energy Storage by Power-to-Methane Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-13, June.
    12. Christian Thiel & Anastasios Tsakalidis & Arnulf Jäger-Waldau, 2020. "Will Electric Vehicles Be Killed (again) or Are They the Next Mobility Killer App?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-10, April.
    13. Danilo Boffa & Antonio Prencipe & Armando Papa & Christian Corsi & Mario Sorrentino, 2023. "Boosting circular economy via the b-corporation roads. The effect of the entrepreneurial culture and exogenous factors on sustainability performance," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 523-561, June.
    14. Leticia Sarmento dos Muchangos, 2022. "Mapping the Circular Economy Concept and the Global South," Circular Economy and Sustainability,, Springer.
    15. Michael Fuchs & Gregor Hovemann, 2022. "Homogeneity or Heterogeneity: An Institutional Theory View on Circular Economy Practices in the Outdoor Sporting Goods Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, May.
    16. Marzena Smol & Paulina Marcinek & Joanna Duda, 2024. "Circular Business Models (CBMs) in Environmental Management—Analysis of Definitions, Typologies and Methods of Creation in Organizations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-25, January.
    17. Joern Falk & Björn Globisch & Martin Angelmahr & Wolfgang Schade & Heike Schenk-Mathes, 2022. "Drinking Water Supply in Rural Africa Based on a Mini-Grid Energy System—A Socio-Economic Case Study for Rural Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-19, August.
    18. Emanuele Michelini & Patrick Höschele & Florian Ratz & Michael Stadlbauer & Werner Rom & Christian Ellersdorfer & Jörg Moser, 2023. "Potential and Most Promising Second-Life Applications for Automotive Lithium-Ion Batteries Considering Technical, Economic and Legal Aspects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-21, March.
    19. Christos S. Ioakimidis & Alberto Murillo-Marrodán & Ali Bagheri & Dimitrios Thomas & Konstantinos N. Genikomsakis, 2019. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Electric Vehicle Battery in Second Life Application Scenarios," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-14, May.
    20. Zongwei Liu & Xinglong Liu & Han Hao & Fuquan Zhao & Amer Ahmad Amer & Hassan Babiker, 2020. "Research on the Critical Issues for Power Battery Reusing of New Energy Vehicles in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-19, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:20:p:11154-:d:652424. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.