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The Influence of War and Conflict on Infectious Disease: A Rapid Review of Historical Lessons We Have Yet to Learn

Author

Listed:
  • Krzysztof Goniewicz

    (Department of Aviation Security, Military University of Aviation, 08-521 Dęblin, Poland)

  • Frederick M. Burkle

    (Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA)

  • Simon Horne

    (Academic Centre for Defence Healthcare Engagement, Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK)

  • Marta Borowska-Stefańska

    (Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Łódź, 90-142 Łódź, Poland)

  • Szymon Wiśniewski

    (Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Łódź, 90-142 Łódź, Poland)

  • Amir Khorram-Manesh

    (Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
    Department of Research and Development, Armed Forces Center for Defense Medicine, 42676 Gothenburg, Sweden)

Abstract

Armed conflicts degrade established healthcare systems, which typically manifests as a resurgence of preventable infectious diseases. While 70% of deaths globally are now from non-communicable disease; in low-income countries, respiratory infections, diarrheal illness, malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDs are all in the top 10 causes of death. The burden of these infectious diseases is exacerbated by armed conflict, translating into even more dramatic long-term consequences. This rapid evidence review searched electronic databases in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Of 381 identified publications, 73 were included in this review. Several authors indicate that the impact of infectious diseases increases in wars and armed conflicts due to disruption to surveillance and response systems that were often poorly developed to begin with. Although the true impact of conflict on infectious disease spread is not known and requires further research, the link between them is indisputable. Current decision-making management systems are insufficient and only pass the baton to the next unwary generation.

Suggested Citation

  • Krzysztof Goniewicz & Frederick M. Burkle & Simon Horne & Marta Borowska-Stefańska & Szymon Wiśniewski & Amir Khorram-Manesh, 2021. "The Influence of War and Conflict on Infectious Disease: A Rapid Review of Historical Lessons We Have Yet to Learn," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-10, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:19:p:10783-:d:645620
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Krzysztof Goniewicz & Frederick M. Burkle & Marta Dzhus & Amir Khorram-Manesh, 2023. "Ukraine’s Healthcare Crisis: Sustainable Strategies for Navigating Conflict and Rebuilding for a Resilient Future," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-15, July.
    2. Anna Balestra & Raul Caruso, 2023. "Vaccines between war and market," International Area Studies Review, Center for International Area Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, vol. 26(1), pages 24-39, March.

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