IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i19p10781-d645310.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Explaining Loyalty in Higher Education: A Model and Comparative Analysis from the Policy of Gratuity, a Case Applied to Chile

Author

Listed:
  • Maritza Katherine Galindo-Illanes

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, San Sebastián University, Concepción 4030000, Chile)

  • Juan Alejandro Gallegos-Mardones

    (Department of Audit and Information Systems, Universidad Católica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepción 4090541, Chile)

  • Arturo Z. Vasquez-Parraga

    (Department of Marketing, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539-2909, USA)

Abstract

Since the 1980s, numerous transformations in higher education were experienced in Latin America, and especially in Chile, a country that allowed private entities to enter the education systems and develop a market. The opportunity triggered an increase of coverage and competition to capture and retain students, followed by marketing strategies delivering student satisfaction and pursuing student loyalty. Moreover, since 2012, higher education institutions in Chile have been allowed to adopt a policy of gratuity, giving families the co-responsibility of dealing with the cost of education. So, some institutions adopted gratuity and continued receiving funds from the state, but others did not, relying instead on family income. The split in the financial responsibility of higher education seems to have generated varied reactions from the students and their families, including their satisfaction with and loyalty to the institution. Despite the abundant literature on higher education, however, a few studies attempt to explain and compare student satisfaction and loyalty across types of institutions, such as those that opted for gratuity versus those that did not. This study examines a set of relevant attributes for understanding that phenomenon; attributes such as quality of service, satisfaction, trust, commitment, and loyalty. The results reveal a prevalence of trust and familiarity among the students attending an institution with gratuity. In contrast, the results demonstrate a preponderance of commitment and satisfaction among the students attending a non-gratuity institution that relies on family, private, and personal funds to support their education.

Suggested Citation

  • Maritza Katherine Galindo-Illanes & Juan Alejandro Gallegos-Mardones & Arturo Z. Vasquez-Parraga, 2021. "Explaining Loyalty in Higher Education: A Model and Comparative Analysis from the Policy of Gratuity, a Case Applied to Chile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:19:p:10781-:d:645310
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/19/10781/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/19/10781/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aznur Hajar Abdullah & Shaista Wasiuzzaman & Rosidah Musa, 2015. "University quality and emotional attachment of undergraduate students in a private higher education in Malaysia," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 42(7), pages 644-665, July.
    2. Kumar, V. & Pozza, Ilaria Dalla & Ganesh, Jaishankar, 2013. "Revisiting the Satisfaction–Loyalty Relationship: Empirical Generalizations and Directions for Future Research," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 89(3), pages 246-262.
    3. Helena Alves & Mário Raposo, 2004. "La medición de la satisfacción en la enseóanza universitaria: El ejemplo de la universidade da beirainterior," International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, Springer;International Association of Public and Non-Profit Marketing, vol. 1(1), pages 73-88, June.
    4. Mollie Dollinger & Jason Lodge & Hamish Coates, 2018. "Co-creation in higher education: towards a conceptual model," Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(2), pages 210-231, July.
    5. Claudio Hoffmann Sampaio & Marcelo Gattermann Perin & Cláudia Simões & Hamilton Kleinowski, 2012. "Students' trust, value and loyalty: evidence from higher education in Brazil," Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 83-100, June.
    6. Melodi Guilbault, 2016. "Students as customers in higher education: reframing the debate," Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(2), pages 132-142, July.
    7. Hussain Ali Bekhet & Basheer A. AL-Alak & Ghaleb Awad El-Refae, 2014. "Developing student satisfaction perception model for public and private universities in Malaysia," International Journal of Economics and Business Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 7(4), pages 404-418.
    8. Eshghi, Abdolreza & Haughton, Dominique & Topi, Heikki, 2007. "Determinants of customer loyalty in the wireless telecommunications industry," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 93-106, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kati Suomi & Päivikki Kuoppakangas & Jari Stenvall & Elias Pekkola & Jussi Kivistö, 2019. "Revisiting “the shotgun wedding of industry and academia”—empirical evidence from Finland," International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, Springer;International Association of Public and Non-Profit Marketing, vol. 16(1), pages 81-102, March.
    2. Adam Malešević & Dušan Barać & Dragan Soleša & Ema Aleksić & Marijana Despotović-Zrakić, 2021. "Adopting xRM in Higher Education: E-Services Outside the Classroom," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-20, July.
    3. Balaji, M.S. & Roy, Sanjit Kumar & Sadeque, Saalem, 2016. "Antecedents and consequences of university brand identification," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(8), pages 3023-3032.
    4. Faiz Muhammad Khuwaja & Waheed Ali Umrani & Sanober Salman Shaikh & Ammar Ahmed & Sanaullah Shar, 2019. "University Markor: A Context-Specific Scale to Measure Market-Orientation in Universities," SAGE Open, , vol. 9(2), pages 21582440198, June.
    5. Ian Sutherland & Youngseok Sim & Seul Ki Lee & Jaemun Byun & Kiattipoom Kiatkawsin, 2020. "Topic Modeling of Online Accommodation Reviews via Latent Dirichlet Allocation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-15, February.
    6. Ahrholdt, Dennis C. & Gudergan, Siegfried P. & Ringle, Christian M., 2019. "Enhancing loyalty: When improving consumer satisfaction and delight matters," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 18-27.
    7. Pomirleanu, Nadia & Chennamaneni, Pavan Rao & Krishen, Anjala S., 2016. "Easy to please or hard to impress: Elucidating consumers' innate satisfaction," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(5), pages 1914-1918.
    8. Russo, Ivan & Confente, Ilenia & Gligor, David M. & Autry, Chad W., 2016. "To be or not to be (loyal): Is there a recipe for customer loyalty in the B2B context?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(2), pages 888-896.
    9. Hallikainen, Heli & Luongo, Milena & Dhir, Amandeep & Laukkanen, Tommi, 2022. "Consequences of personalized product recommendations and price promotions in online grocery shopping," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    10. Yürük, Pınar & Akyol, Ayşe & Şimşek, Gülhayat Gölbaşı, 2017. "Analyzing the effects of social impacts of events on satisfaction and loyalty," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 367-378.
    11. Mujahid Mohiuddin Babu & Panuel Rozario Prince, 2011. "Factors Influencing the Overall Customer Satisfaction of the Wireless Internet Service Users: An Empirical Study in Bangladesh," Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, Educational Research Multimedia & Publications,India, vol. 2(6), pages 14-24, September.
    12. Maggioni, Isabella, 2016. "What drives customer loyalty in grocery retail? Exploring shoppers' perceptions through associative networks," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 120-126.
    13. Yogesh Verma & Maithili R. P. Singh, 2017. "Marketing Mix, Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty: An Empirical Study of Telecom Sector in Bhutan," Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, Educational Research Multimedia & Publications,India, vol. 8(2), pages 121-129, May.
    14. Ferreira Pedro & Rodrigues Paula & Rodrigues Pedro, 2019. "Brand Love as Mediator of the Brand Experience-Satisfaction-Loyalty Relationship in a Retail Fashion Brand," Management & Marketing, Sciendo, vol. 14(3), pages 278-291, September.
    15. Rodriguez, Virginie & Sangle-Ferriere, Marion, 2023. "Do supermarkets’ emails have any value for their customers? The effect of emails’ content and interestingness on customers’ attitude and engagement," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    16. Muhammad Irfan & Mohammad Farid Shamsudin & Noor Hadi, 2016. "How Important Is Customer Satisfaction? Quantitative Evidence from Mobile Telecommunication Market," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 11(6), pages 1-57, May.
    17. Dziewanowska Katarzyna & Kacprzak Agnieszka, 2023. "The Influence of Engagement in Value Co-Creation on E-Learning Experience and Student Satisfaction: An Empirical Study," Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations, Sciendo, vol. 28(2), pages 61-80, June.
    18. Carlson, Jamie & Rahman, Mohammad M. & Taylor, Alexander & Voola, Ranjit, 2019. "Feel the VIBE: Examining value-in-the-brand-page-experience and its impact on satisfaction and customer engagement behaviours in mobile social media," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 149-162.
    19. Stefan Meinzer & Johann Prenninger & Patrick Vesel & Johannes Kornhuber & Judith Volmer & Joachim Hornegger & Björn M. Eskofier, 2016. "Translating satisfaction determination from health care to the automotive industry," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 10(4), pages 651-685, December.
    20. Luis Miranda-Gumucio & Ignacio Gil-Pechuán & Daniel Palacios-Marqués, 2013. "An exploratory study of the determinants of switching and loyalty in prepaid cell phone users. An application of concept mapping," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 7(4), pages 603-622, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:19:p:10781-:d:645310. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.