IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v12y2020i24p10382-d460728.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Grid-Based Spatial Analysis for Detecting Supply–Demand Gaps of Public Transports: A Case Study of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region

Author

Listed:
  • Apantri Peungnumsai

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand)

  • Hiroyuki Miyazaki

    (Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8568, Japan)

  • Apichon Witayangkurn

    (Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8568, Japan)

  • Sohee Minsun Kim

    (School of Environment, Resources and Development, Department of Development and Sustainability, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand)

Abstract

Public transport service has been promoted to reduce the problems of traffic congestion and environmental impacts due to car dependency. Several public transportation modes are available in Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR) such as buses, heavy rails, vans, boats, taxis, and trains while in some areas have fewer modes of public transport available. The disparity of public transport service negatively impacts social equity. This study aims to identify the gaps between public transport supply and demand and to demonstrate introduced indicators to assess the public transport performance incorporating transport capacity and equilibrium access aspects. Supply index was used to evaluate the level of service, and the demand index was applied to estimate travel needs. Furthermore, the Lorenz curves and the Gini coefficients were used to measure the equity of public transport. The results highlight that more than half of the BMR population is living in low-supply high-demand areas for public transportation. Moreover, the equitable access analysis has identified that the high-income population has better access to public transport than the low-income population. The results suggest that public transport gaps and equity indicate the inclusiveness of public transportation, as well as to the areas where to improve the public transport service. Thus, the methodology used in this study can be applied to another city or region similar to BMR.

Suggested Citation

  • Apantri Peungnumsai & Hiroyuki Miyazaki & Apichon Witayangkurn & Sohee Minsun Kim, 2020. "A Grid-Based Spatial Analysis for Detecting Supply–Demand Gaps of Public Transports: A Case Study of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-27, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:24:p:10382-:d:460728
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10382/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10382/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gakenheimer, Ralph, 1999. "Urban mobility in the developing world," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 33(7-8), pages 671-689.
    2. Lope, Dinah Jane & Dolgun, Anil, 2020. "Measuring the inequality of accessible trams in Melbourne," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    3. Apantri Peungnumsai & Apichon Witayangkurn & Masahiko Nagai & Hiroyuki Miyazaki, 2018. "A Taxi Zoning Analysis Using Large-Scale Probe Data: A Case Study for Metropolitan Bangkok," The Review of Socionetwork Strategies, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 21-45, June.
    4. Currie, Graham, 2010. "Quantifying spatial gaps in public transport supply based on social needs," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 31-41.
    5. Groot, Loek, 2010. "Carbon Lorenz curves," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 45-64, January.
    6. Narong Pomlaktong & Rattana Jongwilaiwan & Prakai Theerawattanakul & Rapee Pholpanich, 2013. "Road Transport in Thailand," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Christopher Findlay (ed.), Priorities and Pathways in Services Reform Part II — Political Economy Studies, chapter 9, pages 227-243, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    7. Daniel Oviedo & Luis A. Guzman, 2020. "Revisiting Accessibility in a Context of Sustainable Transport: Capabilities and Inequalities in Bogotá," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-22, June.
    8. Xiaoshu Cao & Huiling Chen & Feiwen Liang & Wulin Wang, 2018. "Measurement and Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Transit Equity: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, April.
    9. Pucher, John & Korattyswaropam, Nisha & Mittal, Neha & Ittyerah, Neenu, 2005. "Urban transport crisis in India," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 185-198, May.
    10. Omar Alotaibi & Dimitris Potoglou, 2017. "Perspectives of travel strategies in light of the new metro and bus networks in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia," Transportation Planning and Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(1), pages 4-27, January.
    11. Eboli, Laura & Mazzulla, Gabriella, 2012. "Performance indicators for an objective measure of public transport service quality," European Transport \ Trasporti Europei, ISTIEE, Institute for the Study of Transport within the European Economic Integration, issue 51, pages 1-4.
    12. Delbosc, Alexa & Currie, Graham, 2011. "Using Lorenz curves to assess public transport equity," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 19(6), pages 1252-1259.
    13. Elżbieta Macioszek & Agata Kurek, 2020. "The Use of a Park and Ride System—A Case Study Based on the City of Cracow (Poland)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-26, July.
    14. Dorina Pojani & Dominic Stead, 2015. "Sustainable Urban Transport in the Developing World: Beyond Megacities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(6), pages 1-22, June.
    15. Ruqin Yang & Yaolin Liu & Yanfang Liu & Hui Liu & Wenxia Gan, 2019. "Comprehensive Public Transport Service Accessibility Index—A New Approach Based on Degree Centrality and Gravity Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-20, October.
    16. Andreas Nikiforiadis & Georgia Ayfantopoulou & Afroditi Stamelou, 2020. "Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on Bike-Sharing Usage: The Case of Thessaloniki, Greece," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-12, October.
    17. Ioannis Politis & Ioannis Fyrogenis & Efthymis Papadopoulos & Anastasia Nikolaidou & Eleni Verani, 2020. "Shifting to Shared Wheels: Factors Affecting Dockless Bike-Sharing Choice for Short and Long Trips," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-25, October.
    18. Pavkova, Katerina & Currie, Graham & Delbosc, Alexa & Sarvi, Majid, 2016. "Selecting tram links for priority treatments - The Lorenz Curve approach," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 101-109.
    19. Fransen, Koos & Neutens, Tijs & Farber, Steven & De Maeyer, Philippe & Deruyter, Greet & Witlox, Frank, 2015. "Identifying public transport gaps using time-dependent accessibility levels," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 176-187.
    20. Wu, Belinda M. & Hine, Julian P., 2003. "A PTAL approach to measuring changes in bus service accessibility," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 10(4), pages 307-320, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Masanobu Kii & Yuki Goda & Varameth Vichiensan & Hiroyuki Miyazaki & Rolf Moeckel, 2021. "Assessment of Spatiotemporal Peak Shift of Intra-Urban Transportation Taking a Case in Bangkok, Thailand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Masanobu Kii & Varameth Vichiensan & Carlos Llorca & Ana Moreno & Rolf Moeckel & Yoshitsugu Hayashi, 2021. "Impact of Decentralization and Rail Network Extension on Future Traffic in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-24, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hugo de Alba-Martínez & Alejandro L. Grindlay & Gabriela Ochoa-Covarrubias, 2020. "(In)Equitable Accessibility to Sustainable Transport from Universities in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Liu, Chengliang & Duan, Dezhong, 2020. "Spatial inequality of bus transit dependence on urban streets and its relationships with socioeconomic intensities: A tale of two megacities in China," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    3. Xiaoshu Cao & Huiling Chen & Feiwen Liang & Wulin Wang, 2018. "Measurement and Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Transit Equity: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, April.
    4. Karner, Alex, 2018. "Assessing public transit service equity using route-level accessibility measures and public data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 24-32.
    5. Sharma, Ishant & Mishra, Sabyasachee & Golias, Mihalis M. & Welch, Timothy F. & Cherry, Christopher R., 2020. "Equity of transit connectivity in Tennessee cities," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    6. Marc-Edouard Schultheiss, 2022. "Assessment of the Bus Transit Network: A Perspective from the Daily Activity-Travel Organization of Travelers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-20, February.
    7. Wang, Bangjuan & Liu, Chengliang & Zhang, Hong, 2022. "Where are equity and service effectiveness? A tale from public transport in Shanghai," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    8. Gabriella Vitorino Guimarães & Tálita Floriano Santos & Vicente Aprigliano Fernandes & Jorge Eliécer Córdoba Maquilón & Marcelino Aurélio Vieira da Silva, 2020. "Assessment for the Social Sustainability and Equity under the Perspective of Accessibility to Jobs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-23, December.
    9. Ruqin Yang & Yaolin Liu & Yanfang Liu & Hui Liu & Wenxia Gan, 2019. "Comprehensive Public Transport Service Accessibility Index—A New Approach Based on Degree Centrality and Gravity Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-20, October.
    10. Pyrialakou, V. Dimitra & Gkritza, Konstantina & Fricker, Jon D., 2016. "Accessibility, mobility, and realized travel behavior: Assessing transport disadvantage from a policy perspective," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 252-269.
    11. Md. Kamruzzaman & Tan Yigitcanlar & Jay Yang & Mohd Afzan Mohamed, 2016. "Measures of Transport-Related Social Exclusion: A Critical Review of the Literature," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-30, July.
    12. Saghapour, Tayebeh & Moridpour, Sara & Thompson, Russell G., 2016. "Public transport accessibility in metropolitan areas: A new approach incorporating population density," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 273-285.
    13. Caterina Malandri & Luca Mantecchini & Filippo Paganelli & Maria Nadia Postorino, 2021. "Public Transport Network Vulnerability and Delay Distribution among Travelers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-14, August.
    14. Barajas, Jesus M. & Brown, Anne, 2021. "Not minding the gap: Does ride-hailing serve transit deserts?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    15. Ruiz, Maurici & Segui-Pons, Joana Maria & Mateu-LLadó, Jaume, 2017. "Improving Bus Service Levels and social equity through bus frequency modelling," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 220-233.
    16. Weckström, Christoffer & Kujala, Rainer & Mladenović, Miloš N. & Saramäki, Jari, 2019. "Assessment of large-scale transitions in public transport networks using open timetable data: case of Helsinki metro extension," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1-1.
    17. Maghrour Zefreh, Mohammad & Saif, Muhammad Atiullah & Esztergár-Kiss, Domokos & Torok, Adam, 2023. "A data-driven decision support tool for public transport service analysis and provision," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 82-90.
    18. Luis Pérez-Dominguez & Sara-Nohemí Almeraz Durán & Roberto Romero López & Iván Juan Carlos Pérez-Olguin & David Luviano-Cruz & Jesús Andrés Hernández Gómez, 2021. "Assessment Urban Transport Service and Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets CODAS Method: A Case of Study of Ciudad Juárez," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-18, January.
    19. Hussain, Etikaf & Bhaskar, Ashish & Chung, Edward, 2021. "A novel origin destination based transit supply index: Exploiting the opportunities with big transit data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    20. Carleton, Phillip R. & Porter, J. David, 2018. "A comparative analysis of the challenges in measuring transit equity: definitions, interpretations, and limitations," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 64-75.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:24:p:10382-:d:460728. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.