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Reducing Groundwater Contamination from On-Site Sanitation in Peri-Urban Sub-Saharan Africa: Reviewing Transition Management Attributes towards Implementation of Water Safety Plans

Author

Listed:
  • Felix R. B. Twinomucunguzi

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda)

  • Philip M. Nyenje

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda)

  • Robinah N. Kulabako

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda)

  • Swaib Semiyaga

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda)

  • Jan Willem Foppen

    (Department of Water Science and Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Frank Kansiime

    (Department of Environmental Management, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda)

Abstract

High urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has resulted in increased peri-urban groundwater contamination by on-site sanitation. The World Health Organization introduced Water Safety Plans (WSP) towards the elimination of contamination risks to water supply systems; however, their application to peri-urban groundwater sources has been limited. Focusing on Uganda, Ghana, and Tanzania, this paper reviews limitations of the existing water regime in addressing peri-urban groundwater contamination through WSPs and normative attributes of Transition Management (TM) towards a sustainable solution. Microbial and nutrient contamination remain prevalent hazards in peri-urban SSA, arising from on-site sanitation within a water regime following Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) principles. Limitations to implementation of WSPs for peri-urban groundwater protection include policy diversity, with low focus on groundwater; institutional incoherence; highly techno-centric management tools; and limited regard for socio-cultural and urban-poor aspects. In contrast, TM postulates a prescriptive approach promoted by community-led frontrunners, with flexible and multi-domain actors, experimenting through socio-technical tools towards a shared vision. Thus, a unified risk-based management framework, harnessing attributes of TM and IWRM, is proposed towards improved WSP implementation. The framework could assist peri-urban communities and policymakers in formulating sustainable strategies to reduce groundwater contamination, thereby contributing to improved access to safe water.

Suggested Citation

  • Felix R. B. Twinomucunguzi & Philip M. Nyenje & Robinah N. Kulabako & Swaib Semiyaga & Jan Willem Foppen & Frank Kansiime, 2020. "Reducing Groundwater Contamination from On-Site Sanitation in Peri-Urban Sub-Saharan Africa: Reviewing Transition Management Attributes towards Implementation of Water Safety Plans," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-21, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:10:p:4210-:d:360972
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    References listed on IDEAS

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