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The Responses of Soil N 2 O Emissions to Residue Returning Systems: A Meta-Analysis

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  • Naijuan Hu

    (Institute of Regional Agricultural Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
    Public Administration Postdoctoral Research Station, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)

  • Qian Chen

    (Institute of Regional Agricultural Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)

  • Liqun Zhu

    (Institute of Regional Agricultural Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)

Abstract

Background: Much attention has been focused on the influences of residue returning on N 2 O emissions. However, comprehensive quantification of the effect size on N 2 O emission following crop residue returning in subtropical, tropical and warm temperate conditions remains untested. Methods: To identify site-specific factors that influence N 2 O emission (kg N 2 O-N ha −1 ) in residue returning systems, we performed a meta-analysis involving 260 comparisons from 72 studies. Results: The data indicated that significant promoting effects were observed under residue returning by rotary tillage, no-tillage and mulch, whereas N 2 O release was significantly inhibited by 8% under residue returning by plough. For other contributors, the stimulatory and significant effects occurred in upland fields, under short- and medium-term residue returning durations, acidic/neutral soils, medium organic C and clay content. Nitrogen fertilizer application significantly stimulated N 2 O emission, even though application rate at 100–150 kg N ha −1 was inhibitory. Although a negative correlation between residue C/N ratio and N 2 O emission has been shown, residue returning could not reduce N 2 O emission with a higher C/N ratio and amount. Conclusions: Some options, such as converting residue returning methods, decreasing N fertilizer application rate, and regulating soil C/N ratio could be adopted to mitigate soil N 2 O emission following residue returning.

Suggested Citation

  • Naijuan Hu & Qian Chen & Liqun Zhu, 2019. "The Responses of Soil N 2 O Emissions to Residue Returning Systems: A Meta-Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:748-:d:202375
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lisa Essich & Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe & Moritz Schneider & Reiner Ruser, 2020. "Is Crop Residue Removal to Reduce N 2 O Emissions Driven by Quality or Quantity? A Field Study and Meta-Analysis," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-20, November.

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