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Is Crop Residue Removal to Reduce N 2 O Emissions Driven by Quality or Quantity? A Field Study and Meta-Analysis

Author

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  • Lisa Essich

    (Department Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany)

  • Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe

    (Department Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany)

  • Moritz Schneider

    (Department Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany)

  • Reiner Ruser

    (Department Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany)

Abstract

In order to quantify the reduction potential for nitrous oxide (N 2 O) release from arable soils through the removal of crop residues, we conducted an experiment after sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) harvest with three treatments: (i) ploughing of the crop residues (+CR:D), (ii) returning residues after ploughing on the surface (+CR:S), and (iii) removal of the residues and ploughing (−CR). N 2 O fluxes were measured over 120 days in south Germany. High positive correlations between N 2 O fluxes and the CO 2 fluxes and soil nitrate contents suggested denitrification as the main N 2 O source. N 2 O emissions in +CR:D was higher than in +CR:S (2.39 versus 0.93 kg N 2 O−N ha −1 120 d −1 in +CR:D and +CR:S). Residue removal in −CR reduced the N 2 O emission compared to +CR:D by 95% and to +CR:S by 87%. We further conducted a meta-analysis on the effect of crop residue removal on N 2 O emissions, where we included 176 datasets from arable soils with mainly rain fed crops. The overall effect of residue removal showed a N 2 O reduction of 11%. The highest N 2 O reduction of 76% was calculated for the removal subgroup with C/N-ratio < 25. Neither the remaining C/N-ratio subgroups nor the grouping variables “tillage” or “residue quantity” differed within their subgroup.

Suggested Citation

  • Lisa Essich & Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe & Moritz Schneider & Reiner Ruser, 2020. "Is Crop Residue Removal to Reduce N 2 O Emissions Driven by Quality or Quantity? A Field Study and Meta-Analysis," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:10:y:2020:i:11:p:546-:d:444670
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Naijuan Hu & Qian Chen & Liqun Zhu, 2019. "The Responses of Soil N 2 O Emissions to Residue Returning Systems: A Meta-Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, January.
    2. Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, 2010. "Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 36(i03).
    3. H. P. Piepho & E. R. Williams & L. V. Madden, 2012. "The Use of Two-Way Linear Mixed Models in Multitreatment Meta-Analysis," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 68(4), pages 1269-1277, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. René Rietra & Marius Heinen & Oene Oenema, 2022. "A Review of Crop Husbandry and Soil Management Practices Using Meta-Analysis Studies: Towards Soil-Improving Cropping Systems," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-31, February.

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