IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i24p7036-d295853.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Analysis of the Emission Reduction Targets of “Belt and Road” Countries Based on Their NDC Reports

Author

Listed:
  • Jing Wu

    (Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Guan Kaixuan

    (Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

  • Qianting Zhu

    (School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China)

  • Wang Zheng

    (Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    School of Geography, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China)

  • Yuanhua Chang

    (School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China)

  • Xiong Wen

    (School of Economics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China)

Abstract

The emission reduction targets articulated in the nationally determined contribution (NDC) reports of the “Belt and Road” countries, which have joined China in an international alliance to promote green development, are studied in this paper. Our findings indicate that the most commonly adopted emission reduction targets are relative to emissions in the base year and to baseline scenarios. Approximately half of these countries request technological and financial support from the international community in their NDC reports. Greenhouse gas inventory accounting, and data management, modeling, and tools are the most commonly identified technological needs. Moreover, the NDC reports indicate that $2.88 trillion of financial support is explicitly required, while a reliable international financial assistance and technology transfer would enable considerably higher emission reduction targets to be reached in Belt and Road countries. Our analysis of the top four emitters among these countries reveal a future decreasing trend for China and Russia and an increasing trend for India and Indonesia. China can effectively promote its Belt and Road green development initiative through measures such as capacity building in the areas of emission inventory accounting, constructing an “Internet Plus” platform for the use and management of low-carbon data, and technology exchanges aimed at strengthening low-carbon development.

Suggested Citation

  • Jing Wu & Guan Kaixuan & Qianting Zhu & Wang Zheng & Yuanhua Chang & Xiong Wen, 2019. "An Analysis of the Emission Reduction Targets of “Belt and Road” Countries Based on Their NDC Reports," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-19, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:24:p:7036-:d:295853
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/24/7036/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/24/7036/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. den Elzen, Michel & Kuramochi, Takeshi & Höhne, Niklas & Cantzler, Jasmin & Esmeijer, Kendall & Fekete, Hanna & Fransen, Taryn & Keramidas, Kimon & Roelfsema, Mark & Sha, Fu & van Soest, Heleen & Vand, 2019. "Are the G20 economies making enough progress to meet their NDC targets?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 238-250.
    2. Hof, Andries F. & den Elzen, Michel G.J. & Admiraal, Annemiek & Roelfsema, Mark & Gernaat, David E.H.J. & van Vuuren, Detlef P., 2017. "Global and regional abatement costs of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and of enhanced action to levels well below 2°C and 1.5°C," Environmental Science & Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 30-40.
    3. Chris Bataille & Henri Waisman & Michel Colombier & Laura Segafredo & Jim Williams & Frank Jotzo, 2016. "The need for national deep decarbonization pathways for effective climate policy," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(sup1), pages 7-26, June.
    4. Fan, Jing-Li & Da, Ya-Bin & Wan, Si-Lai & Zhang, Mian & Cao, Zhe & Wang, Yu & Zhang, Xian, 2019. "Determinants of carbon emissions in ‘Belt and Road initiative’ countries: A production technology perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 268-279.
    5. Fragkos, Panagiotis & Fragkiadakis, Kostas & Paroussos, Leonidas & Pierfederici, Roberta & Vishwanathan, Saritha S. & Köberle, Alexandre C. & Iyer, Gokul & He, Chen-Min & Oshiro, Ken, 2018. "Coupling national and global models to explore policy impacts of NDCs," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 462-473.
    6. Fei Xu, 2018. "The Belt and Road," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-981-13-1105-5, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hamdy Abdelaty & Daniel Weiss & Delia Mangelkramer, 2023. "Climate Policy in Developing Countries: Analysis of Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Measures in Egypt," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-20, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fragkos, Panagiotis & Kouvaritakis, Nikos, 2018. "Model-based analysis of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions and 2 °C pathways for major economies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 965-978.
    2. Jiang, Hong-Dian & Purohit, Pallav & Liang, Qiao-Mei & Dong, Kangyin & Liu, Li-Jing, 2022. "The cost-benefit comparisons of China's and India's NDCs based on carbon marginal abatement cost curves," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    3. Michel G. J. Elzen & Ioannis Dafnomilis & Nicklas Forsell & Panagiotis Fragkos & Kostas Fragkiadakis & Niklas Höhne & Takeshi Kuramochi & Leonardo Nascimento & Mark Roelfsema & Heleen Soest & Frank Sp, 2022. "Updated nationally determined contributions collectively raise ambition levels but need strengthening further to keep Paris goals within reach," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 27(5), pages 1-29, June.
    4. Shivika Mittal & Jing-Yu Liu & Shinichiro Fujimori & Priyadarshi Ramprasad Shukla, 2018. "An Assessment of Near-to-Mid-Term Economic Impacts and Energy Transitions under “2 °C” and “1.5 °C” Scenarios for India," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-17, August.
    5. Siriwardana, Mahinda & Nong, Duy, 2021. "Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to decarbonise the world: A transitional impact evaluation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    6. Dioha, Michael O. & Kumar, Atul, 2020. "Exploring the energy system impacts of Nigeria's Nationally Determined Contributions and low-carbon transition to mid-century," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    7. Michel G. J. Elzen & Ioannis Dafnomilis & Nicklas Forsell & Panagiotis Fragkos & Kostas Fragkiadakis & Niklas Höhne & Takeshi Kuramochi & Leonardo Nascimento & Mark Roelfsema & Heleen Soest & Frank Sp, 2022. "Updated nationally determined contributions collectively raise ambition levels but need strengthening further to keep Paris goals within reach," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 27(6), pages 1-29, August.
    8. Ben Henderson & Stefan Frank & Petr Havlik & Hugo Valin, 2021. "Policy strategies and challenges for climate change mitigation in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector," OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers 149, OECD Publishing.
    9. Sohail Abbas & Shazia Kousar & Amber Pervaiz, 2021. "Effects of energy consumption and ecological footprint on CO2 emissions: an empirical evidence from Pakistan," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(9), pages 13364-13381, September.
    10. Audoly, Richard & Vogt-Schilb, Adrien & Guivarch, Céline & Pfeiffer, Alexander, 2018. "Pathways toward zero-carbon electricity required for climate stabilization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 884-901.
    11. Rafał Nagaj & Bożena Gajdzik & Radosław Wolniak & Wieslaw Wes Grebski, 2024. "The Impact of Deep Decarbonization Policy on the Level of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the European Union," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-23, March.
    12. Shujaat Abbas & Hazrat Yousaf & Shabeer Khan & Mohd Ziaur Rehman & Dmitri Blueschke, 2023. "Analysis and Projection of Transport Sector Demand for Energy and Carbon Emission: An Application of the Grey Model in Pakistan," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-14, March.
    13. Franck Lecocq & Alain Nadaï & Christophe Cassen, 2022. "Getting models and modellers to inform deep decarbonization strategies," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(6), pages 695-710, July.
    14. Marc David Davidson, 2021. "How Fairness Principles in the Climate Debate Relate to Theories of Distributive Justice," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, June.
    15. Wang, Xueqin & Wong, Yiik Diew & Yuen, Kum Fai & Li, Kevin X., 2020. "Environmental governance of transportation infrastructure under Belt and Road Initiative: A unified framework," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 189-199.
    16. Lewis C. King & Jeroen C. J. M. Bergh, 2021. "Potential carbon leakage under the Paris Agreement," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 165(3), pages 1-19, April.
    17. Zahra Abdulhadi Shukra & Ying Zhou & Lingling Wang, 2021. "An Adaptable Conceptual Model for Construction Technology Transfer: The BRI in Africa, the Case of Ethiopia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-19, March.
    18. Liu, Weifeng & McKibbin, Warwick J. & Morris, Adele C. & Wilcoxen, Peter J., 2020. "Global economic and environmental outcomes of the Paris Agreement," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    19. Alharthi, Majed & Hanif, Imran & Alamoudi, Hawazen, 2022. "Impact of environmental pollution on human health and financial status of households in MENA countries: Future of using renewable energy to eliminate the environmental pollution," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 338-346.
    20. Simon Kaiser & Felix Siems & Clemens Mostert & Stefan Bringezu, 2022. "Environmental and Economic Performance of CO 2 -Based Methanol Production Using Long-Distance Transport for H 2 in Combination with CO 2 Point Sources: A Case Study for Germany," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-22, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:24:p:7036-:d:295853. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.