IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jscscx/v10y2021i11p415-d668332.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Impact of Gender on Entrepreneurial Intention in a Peripheral Region of Europe: A Multigroup Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Sofia Gomes

    (REMIT—Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies, University Portucalense, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 541, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal)

  • João Morais Lopes

    (NECE—Research Unit in Business Sciences, Miguel Torga Institute of Higher Education, University of Beira Interior, Largo Cruz de Celas nº1, 3000-132 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • José Oliveira

    (ISPGAYA, Av. dos Descobrimentos 333, 4400-103 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal)

  • Márcio Oliveira

    (NECE—Research Unit in Business Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua General Norton de Matos, Apartado 4133, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal)

  • Tânia Santos

    (CICS.NOVA—Interdisciplinary Center of Social Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua General Norton de Matos, Apartado 4133, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal)

  • Marlene Sousa

    (CICS.NOVA—Interdisciplinary Center of Social Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua General Norton de Matos, Apartado 4133, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal)

Abstract

The last two decades were characterized by an increase in attention on entrepreneurship. An emerging trend in the literature is associated with the different contributions that genders may have regarding entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intentions. This paper assesses gender impact on entrepreneurial intention in a peripheral region of Europe. The methodology used is quantitative and based on a sample of 1114 observations. The obtained results suggest that women’s perceived behavioral control does not have a less direct positive impact on entrepreneurial intention when compared to men’s. Women’s personal attitude has a less direct positive impact on entrepreneurial intention when compared to men’s, as social norms, on the one hand, have a less direct positive impact on women’s personal attitude when compared to men’s, and, on the other hand, have a less direct positive impact on women’s perceived behavioral control when compared to men’s. Finally, it was also verified that social norms have a less positive indirect impact through personal attitude and perceived behavioral control on women’s entrepreneurial intention when compared to men’s. These findings contribute to enlighten the literature by strengthening the theoretical framework on women’s entrepreneurial intention in peripheral regions. Regarding practical contributions, suggestions are addressed to public decision makers, universities, and civil society, to adopt practices to increase entrepreneurship in women. This research is original because it is the first to perform this study in Portugal, a peripheral region of Europe.

Suggested Citation

  • Sofia Gomes & João Morais Lopes & José Oliveira & Márcio Oliveira & Tânia Santos & Marlene Sousa, 2021. "The Impact of Gender on Entrepreneurial Intention in a Peripheral Region of Europe: A Multigroup Analysis," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-20, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:10:y:2021:i:11:p:415-:d:668332
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/10/11/415/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/10/11/415/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. repec:taf:entreg:v:23:y:2011:i:3-4:p:187-215 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Esfandiar, Kourosh & Sharifi-Tehrani, Mohamad & Pratt, Stephen & Altinay, Levent, 2019. "Understanding entrepreneurial intentions: A developed integrated structural model approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 172-182.
    3. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
    4. Francisco Liñán & David Urbano & Maribel Guerrero, 2009. "Regional variations in entrepreneurial cognitions: Start-up intentions of university students in Spain," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(3-4), pages 187-215, August.
    5. Ahsan, Mujtaba & Fernhaber, Stephanie A., 2019. "Multinational Enterprises: Leveraging a Corporate International Entrepreneurship Lens for New Insights Into Subsidiary Initiatives," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 51-65.
    6. Lopes João & Rodrigues Ricardo & Antunes Helder, 2018. "Comparative Entrepreneurship between Western Europe and Latin America," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 8(4), pages 1-20, October.
    7. Vasiliki Vamvaka & Chrysostomos Stoforos & Theodosios Palaskas & Charalampos Botsaris, 2020. "Attitude toward entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention: dimensionality, structural relationships, and gender differences," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 1-26, December.
    8. Anne B. Cross, 2011. "The practice of sociology," International Journal of Pluralism and Economics Education, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 2(3), pages 244-254.
    9. Lutz Trettin & Friederike Welter, 2011. "Challenges for spatially oriented entrepreneurship research," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(7-8), pages 575-602, September.
    10. Naziruddin Abdullah & Noor Ul Hadi & Léo-Paul Dana, 2018. "The nexus between entrepreneur skills and successful business: a decompositional analysis," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 34(2), pages 249-265.
    11. Edmund R. Thompson, 2009. "Individual Entrepreneurial Intent: Construct Clarification and Development of an Internationally Reliable Metric," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 33(3), pages 669-694, May.
    12. Alain Fayolle & Francisco Linan & Juan A. Moriano, 2014. "Beyond entrepreneurial intentions : values and motivations in entrepreneurship," Post-Print hal-02313137, HAL.
    13. Janna Alvedalen & Ron Boschma, 2017. "A critical review of entrepreneurial ecosystems research: towards a future research agenda," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(6), pages 887-903, June.
    14. Zimu Xu & Stephen Dobson, 2019. "Challenges of building entrepreneurial ecosystems in peripheral places," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 8(3), pages 408-430, August.
    15. Bjørn T. Asheim & Jerker Moodysson & Franz TÖdtling, 2011. "Constructing Regional Advantage: Towards State-of-the-Art Regional Innovation System Policies in Europe?," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(7), pages 1133-1139, July.
    16. Asghar Afshar Jahanshahi & Alexander Brem & Mohammad Shahabinezhad, 2018. "Does Thinking Style Make a Difference in Environmental Perception and Orientation? Evidence from Entrepreneurs in Post-Sanction Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-19, May.
    17. David Urbano & Sebastian Aparicio & David Audretsch, 2019. "Twenty-five years of research on institutions, entrepreneurship, and economic growth: what has been learned?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 53(1), pages 21-49, June.
    18. Kevin Hindle & Kim Klyver & Daniel F. Jennings, 2009. "An “Informed” Intent Model: Incorporating Human Capital, Social Capital, and Gender Variables into the Theoretical Model of Entrepreneurial Intentions," International Studies in Entrepreneurship, in: Alan L. Carsrud & Malin Brännback (ed.), Understanding the Entrepreneurial Mind, chapter 0, pages 35-50, Springer.
    19. Zoltan Acs & Sameeksha Desai & Jolanda Hessels, 2008. "Entrepreneurship, economic development and institutions," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 31(3), pages 219-234, October.
    20. Preeti Tiwari & Anil K. Bhat & Jyoti Tikoria, 2017. "An empirical analysis of the factors affecting social entrepreneurial intentions," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 7(1), pages 1-25, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. José Alberto Martínez-González & Urszula Kobylinska & Francisco J. García-Rodríguez & Lukasz Nazarko, 2019. "Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Intention among Young People: Model and Regional Evidence," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-29, December.
    2. José Alberto Martínez-González & Urszula Kobylinska & Desiderio Gutiérrez-Taño, 2021. "Exploring Personal and Contextual Variables of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor through the Rasch Mathematical Model," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(16), pages 1-23, August.
    3. Sofia Gomes & Marlene Sousa & Tânia Santos & José Oliveira & Márcio Oliveira & João M. Lopes, 2021. "Opening the “Black Box” of University Entrepreneurial Intention in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-16, May.
    4. Mariana Pita & Joana Costa & António Carrizo Moreira, 2021. "Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Entrepreneurial Initiative: Building a Multi-Country Taxonomy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-26, April.
    5. Anthony Igwe & Anastasia Ogbo & Emmanuel Agbaeze & James Abugu & Charity Ezenwakwelu & Henry Okwo, 2020. "Self-Efficacy and Subjective Norms as Moderators in the Networking Competence–Social Entrepreneurial Intentions Link," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(3), pages 21582440209, July.
    6. José Alberto Martínez-González & Carmen Dolores Álvarez-Albelo & Javier Mendoza-Jiménez & Urszula Kobylinska, 2022. "Predicting the Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Starting Up a New Company: A Regional Study Using PLS-SEM and Data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-25, February.
    7. Ben Youssef, Adel & Boubaker, Sabri & Dedaj, But & Carabregu-Vokshi, Mjellma, 2021. "Digitalization of the economy and entrepreneurship intention," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    8. Ricardo Figueiredo Belchior & Roisin Lyons, 2021. "Explaining entrepreneurial intentions, nascent entrepreneurial behavior and new business creation with social cognitive career theory – a 5-year longitudinal analysis," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 1945-1972, December.
    9. Martín-Navarro, Alicia & Velicia-Martín, Felix & Medina-Garrido, José Aurelio & Palos-Sánchez, Pedro R., 2023. "Impact of effectual propensity on entrepreneurial intention," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    10. James .M. Gathungu & Pauline W. Mwangi, 2014. "Entrepreneurial Intention, Culture, Gender And New Venture Creation: Critical Review," International Journal of Business and Social Research, MIR Center for Socio-Economic Research, vol. 4(2), pages 112-132, February.
    11. Najmul Hoda & Naim Ahmad & Shankar Lal Gupta & Mohammad Mahtab Alam & Irfan Ahmad, 2021. "Application of Entrepreneurial Intention Model in Comparative International Entrepreneurship Research: A Cross-Cultural Study of India and Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-23, December.
    12. Mario Rosique-Blasco & Antonia Madrid-Guijarro & Domingo García-Pérez-de-Lema, 2018. "The effects of personal abilities and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 14(4), pages 1025-1052, December.
    13. Nosheena Yasir & Nasir Mahmood & Hafiz Shakir Mehmood & Muhammad Babar & Muhammad Irfan & An Liren, 2021. "Impact of Environmental, Social Values and the Consideration of Future Consequences for the Development of a Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intention," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-20, March.
    14. Vivek Ahuja & Asif Akhtar & O. P. Wali, 2019. "Development of a comprehensive model of social entrepreneurial intention formation using a quality tool," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 9(1), pages 1-27, December.
    15. Francesco Ceresia & Claudio Mendola, 2019. "The Effects of Corruption in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems on Entrepreneurial Intentions," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-14, November.
    16. Melodi Botha & Alex Bignotti, 2017. "Exploring moderators in the relationship between cognitive adaptability and entrepreneurial intention: findings from South Africa," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 13(4), pages 1069-1095, December.
    17. Ibrahim Al-Jubari, 2019. "College Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention: Testing an Integrated Model of SDT and TPB," SAGE Open, , vol. 9(2), pages 21582440198, May.
    18. Shehnaz Tehseen & Syed Arslan Haider, 2021. "Impact of Universities’ Partnerships on Students’ Sustainable Entrepreneurship Intentions: A Comparative Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, April.
    19. Wenyi Zhang & Yixing Li & Qing Zeng & Minqiang Zhang & Xiaozhong Lu, 2022. "Relationship between Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention among College Students: A Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-12, September.
    20. Francisco Díez-Martín & Alicia Blanco-González & Camilo Prado-Román, 2016. "Explaining nation-wide differences in entrepreneurial activity: a legitimacy perspective," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(4), pages 1079-1102, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:10:y:2021:i:11:p:415-:d:668332. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.