IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v11y2023i6p1500-d1101637.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

How Does the Competitiveness Index Promote Foreign Direct Investment at the Provincial Level in Vietnam? An Integrated Grey Delphi–DEA Model Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Phi-Hung Nguyen

    (Research Center of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business, FPT University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Thi-Ly Nguyen

    (Faculty of Management, Hanoi School of Business and Management, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Hong-Quan Le

    (Research Center of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business, FPT University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Thuy-Quynh Pham

    (Research Center of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business, FPT University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Hoang-Anh Nguyen

    (Research Center of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business, FPT University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Chi-Vinh Pham

    (Research Center of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business, FPT University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

Abstract

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important factor in building a strong economy for a country, particularly in developing and emerging markets. Both domestic enterprises and policy makers have been motivated to attract FDI for the benefits of FDI, such as technological transfers, spillover benefits, and rising competition. There is a need for a functional model to assess how the competitive index affects FDI attractiveness. Therefore, in this study, the authors use an integrated model of Grey Delphi, the Data Envelopment Analysis Super Slack-Based Measure Model (DEA–Super SBM), and the Malmquist Model (DEA–Malmquist) to evaluate the FDI attractiveness of Vietnamese provinces from 2017 to 2021. Firstly, ten critical dimensions of the provincial competitive index (PCI) affecting the number of FDI by cases and amount of FDI capital were validated via the Grey Delphi method. Secondly, the Super-SBM model is applied to assess the FDI efficiency of 63 provinces in Vietnam from 2017 to 2021. Then, the DEA–Malmquist model is employed to analyze the total change in the productivity of 63 provinces’ FDI performance in Vietnam. The findings of this study revealed that the efficiency of FDI in Vietnam’s provinces is relatively low, and there is a significant variation in the attractiveness of FDI among the provinces. This study can provide valuable insights for policy makers and other stakeholders in developing effective strategies to attract FDI and foster economic development.

Suggested Citation

  • Phi-Hung Nguyen & Thi-Ly Nguyen & Hong-Quan Le & Thuy-Quynh Pham & Hoang-Anh Nguyen & Chi-Vinh Pham, 2023. "How Does the Competitiveness Index Promote Foreign Direct Investment at the Provincial Level in Vietnam? An Integrated Grey Delphi–DEA Model Approach," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-30, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:6:p:1500-:d:1101637
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/6/1500/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/6/1500/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jie Zhang & Yinxiao Qu & Yun Zhang & Xiuzhen Li & Xiao Miao, 2019. "Effects of FDI on the Efficiency of Government Expenditure on Environmental Protection Under Fiscal Decentralization: A Spatial Econometric Analysis for China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-19, July.
    2. Bjurek, Hans, 1996. " The Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 98(2), pages 303-313, June.
    3. Charnes, A. & Cooper, W. W. & Rhodes, E., 1978. "Measuring the efficiency of decision making units," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 2(6), pages 429-444, November.
    4. Chia Nan Wang & Anh Phuong Le, 2018. "Application in International Market Selection for the Export of Goods: A Case Study in Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-24, December.
    5. Ebenezer Fiifi Emire Atta Mills & Mavis Agyapomah Baafi & Fangbiao Liu & Kailin Zeng, 2021. "Dynamic operating efficiency and its determining factors of listed real‐estate companies in China: A hierarchical slack‐based DEA‐OLS approach," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(3), pages 3352-3376, July.
    6. Fazelian, Reza & Arefnejad, Mohsen & Rosta, Zohreh, 2022. "Identifying and Prioritizing of Obstacles to FDI in Iran: A Fuzzy Delphi Method," Quarterly Journal of Applied Theories of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Management and Business, University of Tabriz, vol. 9(3), pages 147-170, December.
    7. Caves, Douglas W & Christensen, Laurits R & Diewert, W Erwin, 1982. "The Economic Theory of Index Numbers and the Measurement of Input, Output, and Productivity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(6), pages 1393-1414, November.
    8. Yanfeng Liu & Miao Su & Jinjing Zhao & Sally Martin & Kum Fai Yuen & Choong-Bae Lee, 2023. "The determinants of China’s outward foreign direct investment: a vector error correction model analysis of coastal and landlocked countries," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 29-56, February.
    9. Chiu, Yung-Ho & Chen, Yu-Chuan, 2009. "The analysis of Taiwanese bank efficiency: Incorporating both external environment risk and internal risk," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 456-463, March.
    10. Thi-Nham Le & Thanh-Tuan Dang, 2022. "An Integrated Approach for Evaluating the Efficiency of FDI Attractiveness: Evidence from Vietnamese Provincial Data from 2012 to 2022," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-25, October.
    11. Liu, Fuh-Hwa Franklin & Wang, Peng-hsiang, 2008. "DEA Malmquist productivity measure: Taiwanese semiconductor companies," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(1), pages 367-379, March.
    12. Greer, Mark R., 2008. "Nothing focuses the mind on productivity quite like the fear of liquidation: Changes in airline productivity in the United States, 2000-2004," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 414-426, February.
    13. Norman Dalkey & Olaf Helmer, 1963. "An Experimental Application of the DELPHI Method to the Use of Experts," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 9(3), pages 458-467, April.
    14. Fangmiao Hou & Haiying Su & Yuelu Li & Weicong Qian & Jianxiu Xiao & Shuhui Guo, 2021. "The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on China’s Carbon Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-12, October.
    15. Harold Fried & Shelton Schmidt & Suthathip Yaisawarng, 1999. "Incorporating the Operating Environment Into a Nonparametric Measure of Technical Efficiency," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 12(3), pages 249-267, November.
    16. Suyanto & Salim, Ruhul A. & Bloch, Harry, 2009. "Does Foreign Direct Investment Lead to Productivity Spillovers? Firm Level Evidence from Indonesia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 37(12), pages 1861-1876, December.
    17. Vitomir Starčević & Vesna Petrović & Ivan Mirović & Ljiljana Ž. Tanasić & Željko Stević & Jadranka Đurović Todorović, 2022. "A Novel Integrated PCA-DEA-IMF SWARA-CRADIS Model for Evaluating the Impact of FDI on the Sustainability of the Economic System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-20, October.
    18. Chia-Nan Wang & Anh Phuong Le, 2019. "Application of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model and GM (1,1) Theory for Evaluating Efficiency of FDI on Economic Growth: A Case Study in Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-29, April.
    19. Ilaria Henke & Mauro Esposito & Valentina della Corte & Giovanna del Gaudio & Francesca Pagliara, 2021. "Airport Efficiency Analysis in Europe Including User Satisfaction: A Non-Parametric Analysis with DEA Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-24, December.
    20. Mette Asmild & Joseph Paradi & Vanita Aggarwall & Claire Schaffnit, 2004. "Combining DEA Window Analysis with the Malmquist Index Approach in a Study of the Canadian Banking Industry," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 67-89, January.
    21. Quoc Hoi Le & Quynh Anh Do & Hong Chuong Pham & Thanh Duong Nguyen, 2021. "The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Income Inequality in Vietnam," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-15, March.
    22. R. D. Banker & A. Charnes & W. W. Cooper, 1984. "Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 30(9), pages 1078-1092, September.
    23. Chen, Yao & Iqbal Ali, Agha, 2004. "DEA Malmquist productivity measure: New insights with an application to computer industry," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 159(1), pages 239-249, November.
    24. Tone, Kaoru, 2001. "A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 130(3), pages 498-509, May.
    25. Eduardo Polloni-Silva & Guilherme Augusto Roiz & Enzo Barberio Mariano & Herick Fernando Moralles & Daisy Aparecida Nascimento Rebelatto, 2022. "The Environmental Cost of Attracting FDI: An Empirical Investigation in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-14, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Gerile Qimuge & Wulan Tuya & Si Qinchaoketu & Bu He, 2023. "Construction and Practice of Livelihood Efficiency Index System for Herders in Typical Steppe Area of Inner Mongolia Based on Super-Efficiency Slacks-Based Measure Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-15, September.
    2. Marvin Ruano & Chien-Yi Huang & Phi-Hung Nguyen & Lan-Anh Thi Nguyen & Hong-Quan Le & Linh-Chi Tran, 2023. "Enhancing Sustainability in Belize’s Ecotourism Sector: A Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy DEMATEL Investigation of Key Indicators," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-29, June.
    3. Phi-Hung Nguyen, 2023. "A Fully Completed Spherical Fuzzy Data-Driven Model for Analyzing Employee Satisfaction in Logistics Service Industry," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-34, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mai, Nhat Chi, 2015. "Efficiency of the banking system in Vietnam under financial liberalization," OSF Preprints qsf6d, Center for Open Science.
    2. Muliaman Hadad & Maximilian Hall & Karligash Kenjegalieva & Wimboh Santoso & Richard Simper, 2011. "Banking efficiency and stock market performance: an analysis of listed Indonesian banks," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 37(1), pages 1-20, July.
    3. Muliaman D. Hadad & Maximilian J. B. Hall & Wimboh Santoso & Karligash Kenjegalieva & Richard Simper, 2009. "Productivity Changes in Indonesian Banking: Application of a New Approach to Estimating Malmquist Indices," Discussion Paper Series 2009_13, Department of Economics, Loughborough University, revised Sep 2009.
    4. Pastor, Jesus T. & Lovell, C.A. Knox & Aparicio, Juan, 2020. "Defining a new graph inefficiency measure for the proportional directional distance function and introducing a new Malmquist productivity index," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 281(1), pages 222-230.
    5. Yi-Chung Hsu, 2014. "Efficiency in government health spending: a super slacks-based model," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 48(1), pages 111-126, January.
    6. Aziz KUTLAR & Ali KABASAKAL & Adem BABACAN, 2015. "Dynamic Efficiency of Turkish Banks: a DEA Window and Malmquist Index Analysis for the Period of 2003-2012," Sosyoekonomi Journal, Sosyoekonomi Society, issue 23(24).
    7. Adel Hatami-Marbini & Aliasghar Arabmaldar & John Otu Asu, 2022. "Robust productivity growth and efficiency measurement with undesirable outputs: evidence from the oil industry," OR Spectrum: Quantitative Approaches in Management, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research e.V., vol. 44(4), pages 1213-1254, December.
    8. Chia-Nan Wang & Hector Tibo & Van Thanh Nguyen & Duy Hung Duong, 2020. "Effects of the Performance-Based Research Fund and Other Factors on the Efficiency of New Zealand Universities: A Malmquist Productivity Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-18, July.
    9. Hazera Akter & Suborna Barua, 2016. "International trade financing: a comparative study on the performance of state-owned and private commercial banks of Bangladesh," International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 9(2), pages 164-186.
    10. Li, Ye & Wang, Yan-zhang & Cui, Qiang, 2015. "Evaluating airline efficiency: An application of Virtual Frontier Network SBM," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 1-17.
    11. Juo, Jia-Ching & Fu, Tsu-Tan & Yu, Ming-Miin, 2012. "Non-oriented slack-based decompositions of profit change with an application to Taiwanese banking," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 40(5), pages 550-561.
    12. Muliaman D. Hadad & Maximilian J. B. Hall & Wimboh Santoso & Ricky Satria & Karligash Kenjegalieva & Richard Simper, 2008. "Efficiency and Malmquist Indices of Productivity Change in Indonesian Banking," Discussion Paper Series 2008_08, Department of Economics, Loughborough University, revised Aug 2008.
    13. Muliaman D. Hadad & Maximilian J. B. Hall & Wimboh Santoso & Karligash Kenjegalieva & Richard Simper, 2010. "Productivity Changes and Risk Management in Indonesian Banking: An Application of a New Approach to Constructing Malmquist Indices," Discussion Paper Series 2010_04, Department of Economics, Loughborough University, revised Feb 2010.
    14. Franz R. Hahn, 2007. "Determinants of Bank Efficiency in Europe. Assessing Bank Performance Across Markets," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 31499, April.
    15. Ali Kabasakal & Aziz Kutlar & Murat Sarikaya, 2015. "Efficiency determinations of the worldwide railway companies via DEA and contributions of the outputs to the efficiency and TFP by panel regression," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 23(1), pages 69-88, March.
    16. Avkiran, Necmi K. & Rowlands, Terry, 2008. "How to better identify the true managerial performance: State of the art using DEA," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 317-324, April.
    17. Wang, Lan-Hsun & Liao, Shu-Yi & Huang, Mao-Lung, 2022. "The growth effects of knowledge-based technological change on Taiwan’s industry: A comparison of R&D and education level," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 525-545.
    18. Chia-Chin Chang & Shiu-Wan Hung & Sin-Yi Huang, 2013. "Evaluating the operational performance of knowledge-based industries: the perspective of intellectual capital," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 47(3), pages 1367-1383, April.
    19. Chia-Nan Wang & Hector Tibo & Duy Hung Duong, 2020. "Renewable Energy Utilization Analysis of Highly and Newly Industrialized Countries Using an Undesirable Output Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-21, May.
    20. Iveta Palecková, 2017. "Application of Window Malmquist Index for Examination of Efficiency Change of Czech Commercial Banks," DANUBE: Law and Economics Review, European Association Comenius - EACO, issue 3, pages 173-190, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:6:p:1500-:d:1101637. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.