IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v10y2022i22p4325-d976913.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Modelling, Optimization, and Experimental Studies of Refrigeration CO 2 Ejectors: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Lixing Zheng

    (School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China)

  • Yiyan Zhang

    (School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China)

  • Lifen Hao

    (School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China)

  • Haojie Lian

    (Key Laboratory of In-Situ Property-Improving Mining of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China)

  • Jianqiang Deng

    (School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)

  • Wei Lu

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China)

Abstract

CO 2 is regarded as an effective and environmentally friendly refrigerant. Using a CO 2 ejector is a proven method for enhancing the effectiveness of a transcritical CO 2 refrigerant system. However, the complex internal flow of a CO 2 ejector, involving supersonic effects, phase change effects, metastable effects, and so on, makes it difficult to understand. In order to summarize the current state of the technology and knowledge gaps, this work provides a comprehensive literature review on CO 2 ejectors. In the first part, mathematical modelling and simulation calculations of CO 2 ejectors are presented, and an overview and classification of ejector models are given. In the second part, the structural optimization part of the ejector is described in detail, and the nozzle structure, the mixing chamber length, improvements to multi-jet systems, and the impact of these factors on the system performance are analyzed. In the third part, flow visualization is used to study the complex flow phenomenon, and the effect of the shock wave on the entrained rate of the ejector is discussed. Finally, the paper outlines the relationship between all ejector technologies, working fluids, and ejector performance and makes valid recommendations for further research and development of CO 2 ejectors.

Suggested Citation

  • Lixing Zheng & Yiyan Zhang & Lifen Hao & Haojie Lian & Jianqiang Deng & Wei Lu, 2022. "Modelling, Optimization, and Experimental Studies of Refrigeration CO 2 Ejectors: A Review," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(22), pages 1-23, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:22:p:4325-:d:976913
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/22/4325/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/22/4325/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lixing Zheng & Hongwei Hu & Weibo Wang & Yiyan Zhang & Lingmei Wang, 2022. "Study on Flow Distribution and Structure Optimization in a Mix Chamber and Diffuser of a CO 2 Two-Phase Ejector," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-16, February.
    2. Yu, Binbin & Yang, Jingye & Wang, Dandong & Shi, Junye & Chen, Jiangping, 2019. "An updated review of recent advances on modified technologies in transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    3. Zou, Huiming & Yang, Tianyang & Tang, Mingsheng & Tian, Changqing & Butrymowicz, Dariusz, 2022. "Ejector optimization and performance analysis of electric vehicle CO2 heat pump with dual ejectors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    4. Bodys, Jakub & Smolka, Jacek & Palacz, Michal & Haida, Michal & Banasiak, Krzysztof & Nowak, Andrzej J. & Hafner, Armin, 2016. "Performance of fixed geometry ejectors with a swirl motion installed in a multi-ejector module of a CO2 refrigeration system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(P2), pages 620-631.
    5. Paride Gullo & Armin Hafner & Krzysztof Banasiak & Silvia Minetto & Ekaterini E. Kriezi, 2019. "Multi-Ejector Concept: A Comprehensive Review on its Latest Technological Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-29, January.
    6. Li, Yafei & Deng, Jianqiang, 2022. "Numerical investigation on the performance of transcritical CO2 two-phase ejector with a novel non-equilibrium CFD model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
    7. Giacomelli, Francesco & Mazzelli, Federico & Milazzo, Adriano, 2018. "A novel CFD approach for the computation of R744 flashing nozzles in compressible and metastable conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1092-1105.
    8. Chen, Jianyong & Li, Yunhai & Chen, Weixiong & Luo, Xianglong & Chen, Ying & Yang, Zhi & Eames, Ian W., 2018. "Investigation of the ejector nozzle in refrigeration system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 571-587.
    9. Li, Yafei & Deng, Jianqiang & Ma, Li, 2019. "Experimental study on the primary flow expansion characteristics in transcritical CO2 two-phase ejectors with different primary nozzle diverging angles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Knut Emil Ringstad & Krzysztof Banasiak & Åsmund Ervik & Armin Hafner, 2022. "Swirl-Bypass Nozzle for CO 2 Two-Phase Ejectors: Numerical Design Exploration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-30, September.
    2. Li, Yafei & Deng, Jianqiang, 2022. "Numerical investigation on the performance of transcritical CO2 two-phase ejector with a novel non-equilibrium CFD model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
    3. Fatong Jia & Dazhang Yang & Jing Xie, 2021. "Numerical Investigation on the Performance of Two-Throat Nozzle Ejectors with Different Mixing Chamber Structural Parameters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Lixing Zheng & Hongwei Hu & Weibo Wang & Yiyan Zhang & Lingmei Wang, 2022. "Study on Flow Distribution and Structure Optimization in a Mix Chamber and Diffuser of a CO 2 Two-Phase Ejector," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-16, February.
    5. Li, Hao & Gong, Xiufeng & Xu, Wenjie & Li, Minxia & Dang, Chaobin, 2020. "Effects of climate on the solar-powered R1234ze/CO2 cascade cycle for space cooling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 870-883.
    6. Hongzeng Ji & Jinchen Pei & Jingyang Cai & Chen Ding & Fen Guo & Yichun Wang, 2023. "Review of Recent Advances in Transcritical CO 2 Heat Pump and Refrigeration Cycles and Their Development in the Vehicle Field," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-21, May.
    7. Tashtoush, Bourhan M. & Al-Nimr, Moh'd A. & Khasawneh, Mohammad A., 2019. "A comprehensive review of ejector design, performance, and applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 138-172.
    8. Mastrowski, Mikolaj & Smolka, Jacek & Hafner, Armin & Haida, Michal & Palacz, Michal & Banasiak, Krzysztof, 2019. "Experimental study of the heat transfer problem in expansion devices in CO2 refrigeration systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 586-597.
    9. Michal Haida & Rafal Fingas & Wojciech Szwajnoch & Jacek Smolka & Michal Palacz & Jakub Bodys & Andrzej J. Nowak, 2019. "An Object-Oriented R744 Two-Phase Ejector Reduced-Order Model for Dynamic Simulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-24, April.
    10. Bi, Rongshan & Chen, Chen & Li, Jiansong & Tan, Xinshun & Xiang, Shuguang, 2018. "Research on the CFD numerical simulation of flash boiling atomization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 768-781.
    11. Paolo Artuso & Giacomo Tosato & Antonio Rossetti & Sergio Marinetti & Armin Hafner & Krzysztof Banasiak & Silvia Minetto, 2021. "Dynamic Modelling and Validation of an Air-to-Water Reversible R744 Heat Pump for High Energy Demand Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-25, December.
    12. Ángel Á. Pardiñas & Michael Jokiel & Christian Schlemminger & Håkon Selvnes & Armin Hafner, 2021. "Modeling of a CO 2 -Based Integrated Refrigeration System for Supermarkets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-21, October.
    13. Angelo Maiorino & Ciro Aprea & Manuel Gesù Del Duca, 2021. "A Flexible Top-Down Numerical Modeling of an Air-Cooled Finned-Tube CO 2 Trans-Critical Gas Cooler," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-30, November.
    14. Laura Nebot-Andrés & Daniel Calleja-Anta & Daniel Sánchez & Ramón Cabello & Rodrigo Llopis, 2019. "Thermodynamic Analysis of a CO 2 Refrigeration Cycle with Integrated Mechanical Subcooling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.
    15. Tang, Yongzhi & Liu, Zhongliang & Li, Yanxia & Shi, Can & Lv, Chen, 2019. "A combined pressure regulation technology with multi-optimization of the entrainment passage for performance improvement of the steam ejector in MED-TVC desalination system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 46-57.
    16. Li, Shengyu & Yan, Jia & Liu, Zhan & Yao, Yong & Li, Xianbi & Wen, Na & Zou, Guorong, 2019. "Optimization on crucial ejector geometries in a multi-evaporator refrigeration system for tropical region refrigerated trucks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    17. Tang, Yongzhi & Liu, Zhongliang & Shi, Can & Li, Yanxia, 2018. "A novel steam ejector with pressure regulation to optimize the entrained flow passage for performance improvement in MED-TVC desalination system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 305-316.
    18. Chen, Hongjie & Zhu, Jiahua & Ge, Jing & Lu, Wei & Zheng, Lixing, 2020. "A cylindrical mixing chamber ejector analysis model to predict the optimal nozzle exit position," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    19. Wang, Yingjie & Wang, Mingjun & Jia, Kang & Tian, Wenxi & Qiu, Suizheng & Su, Guanghui, 2022. "Thermal fatigue analysis of structures subjected to liquid metal jets at different temperatures in the Gen-IV nuclear energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    20. Wu, Shiguang & Zhao, Bangjian & Tan, Jun & Zhao, Yongjiang & Zhai, Yujia & Xue, Renjun & Tan, Han & Ma, Dong & Wu, Dirui & Dang, Haizheng, 2023. "Thermodynamic study on throttling process of Joule-Thomson cooler to improve helium liquefaction performance between 2 K and 4 K," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:22:p:4325-:d:976913. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.