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Research on “Identification–Cognition–Perception” of the Pedestrian Spaces Around Subway Stations near Popular Tourist Attractions from the Tourists’ Perspective: A Case Study of Tianjin

Author

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  • Weiwei Liu

    (School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
    School of Architecture, Tianjin Ren’ai College, Tianjin 301636, China)

  • Jianwei Yan

    (School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)

  • Xiang Sun

    (School of Art & Design, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China)

  • Ruiqi Song

    (School of Architecture, Tianjin Ren’ai College, Tianjin 301636, China)

Abstract

Public transportation serving urban tourism has a positive impact on sustainable urban development. With the rapid rise of “subway tourism” in China and the emergence of numerous popular attractions, the pedestrian spaces connecting subway stations and attractions are important public spaces for tourists’ perception. Identifying, cognizing, and perceiving the pedestrian spaces around subway stations near popular tourist attractions from the tourists’ perspective holds significant value for promoting station–city coordination and enhancing spatial quality. This paper establishes an optimization design framework for the pedestrian spaces around subway stations near urban popular tourist attractions, moving from identification to cognition and perception. Taking Tianjin, China as an example, we collected 11,405 travelogue data entries and street network data of the subway stations around popular attractions. (1) We constructed an LDA topic model to identify popular tourist attractions; (2) we applied space syntax to understand the features and forms of the pedestrian spaces around subway stations; (3) we utilized the ROST-CM network text analysis method to analyze tourists’ overall perception of the pedestrian spaces around subway stations; (4) we proposed suggestions for optimization. The contribution of this study lies in constructing a vertical analytical framework that transitions from “identification” to “cognition” to “perception”. The cognitive and perceptual dimensions can mutually corroborate some of their findings but are not interchangeable. Future urban spatial optimization research should consider both cognitive and perceptual dimensions, enhancing the comprehensiveness of the human-centered perspective. The research results provide empirical references and guidance for the management and practice of urban space renewal around subway stations near major cities’ tourist attractions.

Suggested Citation

  • Weiwei Liu & Jianwei Yan & Xiang Sun & Ruiqi Song, 2025. "Research on “Identification–Cognition–Perception” of the Pedestrian Spaces Around Subway Stations near Popular Tourist Attractions from the Tourists’ Perspective: A Case Study of Tianjin," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-28, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:14:y:2025:i:1:p:145-:d:1565241
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bo Wang & Shengbo Liu & Kun Ding & Zeyuan Liu & Jing Xu, 2014. "Identifying technological topics and institution-topic distribution probability for patent competitive intelligence analysis: a case study in LTE technology," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 101(1), pages 685-704, October.
    2. Seung-Nam Kim & Juwon Chung & Junseung Lee, 2022. "Exploring the Role of Transit Ridership as a Proxy for Regional Centrality in Moderating the Relationship between the 3Ds and Street-Level Pedestrian Volume: Evidence from Seoul, Korea," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-22, October.
    3. Qian Zhang & Jianwei Yan & Ting Sun & Juan Liu, 2023. "Image-Building and Place Perception of the Subway Station’s Cultural Landscape: A Case Study in Xi’an, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-20, February.
    4. Almudena Nolasco-Cirugeda & Clara García-Mayor & Cristina Lupu & Alvaro Bernabeu-Bautista, 2022. "Scoping out urban areas of tourist interest though geolocated social media data: Bucharest as a case study," Information Technology & Tourism, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 361-387, September.
    5. Craig Townsend & John Zacharias, 2010. "Built environment and pedestrian behavior at rail rapid transit stations in Bangkok," Transportation, Springer, vol. 37(2), pages 317-330, March.
    6. Guo, Yue & Barnes, Stuart J. & Jia, Qiong, 2017. "Mining meaning from online ratings and reviews: Tourist satisfaction analysis using latent dirichlet allocation," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 467-483.
    7. Branislav Antonić & Aleksandra Stupar & Vladimir Kovač & Danira Sovilj & Aleksandar Grujičić, 2024. "Urban Regeneration through Cultural–Tourism Entrepreneurship Based on Albergo Diffuso Development: The Venac Historic Core in Sombor, Serbia," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-21, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Haisheng Hu, 2025. "Spatial Synergy Between Cultural Heritage and Metro Networks: A Case Study of Distribution Patterns and Value Assessment in Beijing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-20, February.

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