IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jlands/v10y2021i9p911-d624116.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Hollowing Process of Rural Communities in China: Considering the Regional Characteristic

Author

Listed:
  • Ying Liu

    (The College of Geography and Resources, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China)

  • Liqiong Shu

    (The College of Geography and Resources, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China)

  • Li Peng

    (The College of Geography and Resources, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China)

Abstract

This study examined the hollowing process of rural communities, which is caused by migration, and explored its influence factors based on Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) analysis in an attempt to explore effect of regional characteristic. To capture the essence of rural hollowing, a logical framework was constructed. The rural hollowing was then evaluated based on an index system. Based on the assessment, HLM analysis was conducted to explore the influence factors at the household and community levels. The results demonstrated significant differences of rural hollowing among villages. In addition, the hollowing was not only affected by household-level variables but also by community-level variables. Further, for rural hollowing, the household-level variable was endogenous drive, while the community-level variables were exogenous drive. Among all the endogenous influence factors, population quality was the most important, and thus the loss of highly educated talents will aggravate the trend of rural hollowing and hinder the sustainable development of the countryside. Furthermore, in addition to promoting economic development and its diversification to alleviate rural hollowing, improving the quality of the population is more important to the sustainable development of the countryside in China.

Suggested Citation

  • Ying Liu & Liqiong Shu & Li Peng, 2021. "The Hollowing Process of Rural Communities in China: Considering the Regional Characteristic," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:9:p:911-:d:624116
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/9/911/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/9/911/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Georgina Calderón & Jesús M. Macías & Carolina Serrat & Claudia Villegas, 1996. "At Risk. Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability and Disasters," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 72(4), pages 460-463, October.
    2. Crighton, Eric J. & Elliott, Susan J. & Meer, Joost van der & Small, Ian & Upshur, Ross, 2003. "Impacts of an environmental disaster on psychosocial health and well-being in Karakalpakstan," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 56(3), pages 551-567, February.
    3. David Lindstrom, 1996. "Economic opportunity in mexico and return migration from the United States," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 33(3), pages 357-374, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yanbo Qu & Weiying Zhao & Lijun Zhao & Yanfeng Zheng & Zhiwei Xu & Huailong Jiang, 2022. "Research on Hollow Village Governance Based on Action Network: Mode, Mechanism and Countermeasures—Comparison of Different Patterns in Plain Agricultural Areas of China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-26, May.
    2. Goran Marinković & Zoran Ilić & Milan Trifković & Jelena Tatalović & Marko Božić, 2022. "Optimization Methods as a Base for Decision Making in Land Consolidation Projects Ranking," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-12, September.
    3. Yuzhu Zang & Junjun Zhu & Xu Han & Ligang Lv, 2023. "Dynamics between Population Growth and Construction Land Expansion: Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-20, June.
    4. Guohui Xu & Jinlong Zhou & Yi Dai & Jinhuang Lin & Fangfang Zou, 2023. "Regional Differences, Temporal Evolution, and Drivers of Rural Hollowing in Coastal Provinces: A Case Study of Fujian Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-15, September.
    5. Qingqing Yang & Yanhui Gao & Xiaoshu Cao & Jie Yang, 2023. "Contributions and Resistances to Vulnerability of Rural Human Settlements System in Agricultural Areas of Chinese Loess Plateau since 1980," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-31, July.
    6. Fangqin Yang & Jianwei Sun & Junchang Yang & Xiaojin Liang, 2023. "Expanded Residential Lands and Reduced Populations in China, 2000–2020: Patch-Scale Observations of Rural Settlements," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-17, July.
    7. Bin Guo & Yi Bian & Lin Pei & Xiaowei Zhu & Dingming Zhang & Wencai Zhang & Xianan Guo & Qiuji Chen, 2022. "Identifying Population Hollowing Out Regions and Their Dynamic Characteristics across Central China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-19, August.
    8. Dinglin Zhang & Yangyi Wu & Meitong Liu, 2023. "Characterizing Sprawl Development in Urban China: A Perspective from Urban Amenity," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-17, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Silvia Helena Barcellos, 2010. "Legalization and the Economic Status of Immigrants," Working Papers 754, RAND Corporation.
    2. Ira N. Gang & Thomas Bauer, 2000. "Return Migrants From Egypt: How Long Did They Stay Abroad?," Departmental Working Papers 199811, Rutgers University, Department of Economics.
    3. Sonia Plaza & Dilip Ratha, 2011. "Diaspora for Development in Africa," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 2295, April.
    4. Sylvie Démurger & Hui Xu, 2011. "Left-Behind Children and Return Decisions of Rural Migrants in China," Post-Print halshs-00625636, HAL.
    5. Khulan Altangerel & Jan van Ours, 2016. "U.S. Immigration Reform and the Dynamics of Mexican Migration," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 17-043/V, Tinbergen Institute.
    6. Sílvio Rendon & Alfredo Cuecuecha, 2010. "International job search: Mexicans in and out of the US," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 53-82, March.
    7. Mezger Kveder, Cora Leonie & Flahaux, Marie-Laurence, 2013. "Returning to Dakar: A Mixed Methods Analysis of the Role of Migration Experience for Occupational Status," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 223-238.
    8. Rochelle Côté & Jessica Jensen & Louise Roth & Sandra Way, 2015. "The Effects of Gendered Social Capital on U.S. Migration: A Comparison of Four Latin American Countries," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 52(3), pages 989-1015, June.
    9. Claudia Masferrer & Bryan Roberts, 2012. "Going Back Home? Changing Demography and Geography of Mexican Return Migration," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 31(4), pages 465-496, August.
    10. Sylvie Démurger & Hui Xu, 2015. "Left-behind children and return migration in China," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 4(1), pages 1-21, December.
    11. David P. Lindstrom & Adriana López Ramírez, 2010. "Pioneers and Followers: Migrant Selectivity and the Development of U.S. Migration Streams in Latin America," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 630(1), pages 53-77, July.
    12. Rodríguez-Montemayor, Eduardo & García, Pablo M., 2009. "A Primer of International Migration: The Latin American Experience," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 2544, Inter-American Development Bank.
    13. Huffman, Samantha A. & Veen, Jaap & Hennink, Monique M. & McFarland, Deborah A., 2012. "Exploitation, vulnerability to tuberculosis and access to treatment among Uzbek labor migrants in Kazakhstan," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(6), pages 864-872.
    14. Carmen E. Carrión-Flores, 2018. "What makes you go back home? Determinants of the duration of migration of Mexican immigrants in the United States," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 8(1), pages 1-24, December.
    15. Isabelle Chort & Maëlys Rupelle, 2016. "Determinants of Mexico-U.S. Outward and Return Migration Flows: A State-Level Panel Data Analysis," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 53(5), pages 1453-1476, October.
    16. Maria Caridad Araujo & Karen Macours, 2021. "Education, Income and Mobility: Experimental Impacts of Childhood Exposure to Progresa after 20 Years," Working Papers halshs-03364972, HAL.
    17. Christian Dustmann & Joseph-Simon Görlach, 2014. "Selective Outmigration and the Estimation of Immigrants' Earnings Profiles," CESifo Working Paper Series 4617, CESifo.
    18. Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes & Thitima Puttitanun & Ana Martinez-Donate, 2013. "How Do Tougher Immigration Measures Impact Unauthorized Immigrants?," RF Berlin - CReAM Discussion Paper Series 1302, Rockwool Foundation Berlin (RF Berlin) - Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM).
    19. Van den Berg, Gerard J., 2001. "Duration models: specification, identification and multiple durations," Handbook of Econometrics, in: J.J. Heckman & E.E. Leamer (ed.), Handbook of Econometrics, edition 1, volume 5, chapter 55, pages 3381-3460, Elsevier.
    20. Fernando Riosmena, 2016. "The Potential and Limitations of Cross-Context Comparative Research on Migration," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 666(1), pages 28-45, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:9:p:911-:d:624116. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.