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Perceived Social Support and Health Care Spending as Moderators in the Association of Traditional Bullying Perpetration with Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying Victimisation among Adolescents in 27 European Countries: A Multilevel Cross-National Study

Author

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  • Patrick Chanda

    (Department of Social Work and Sociology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
    School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, 8 Castle Peak Road, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, China)

  • Masauso Chirwa

    (Department of Social Work and Sociology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
    Department of Social Policy and Social Security Studies, Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Grantham Allee 20, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany)

  • Ackson Tyson Mwale

    (Department of Social Work and Sociology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia)

  • Kalunga Cindy Nakazwe

    (Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia)

  • Ireen Manase Kabembo

    (Department of Social Work and Sociology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
    Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, 8 Castle Peak Road, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, China)

  • Bruce Nkole

    (Ministry of Education, Kasama P.O. Box 410175, Zambia)

Abstract

Existing research has documented the association between bullying perpetration and bullying victimisation. However, it is still unclear how different sources of social support moderate the association between bullying perpetration and bullying victimisation at a cross-national level. Using multilevel binary logistic regression models, this study examined the moderating role of public health care spending and perceived social support (i.e., family and teacher support) in the association between traditional bullying perpetration and victimisation by traditional bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents across 27 European countries. Country-level data were combined with 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey data from 162,792 adolescents (11-, 13-, and 15-year-olds) in 27 European countries. Results showed that adolescents who perpetrated traditional bullying had a higher likelihood of being victimised by traditional bullying and cyberbullying than adolescents who did not bully others. Results also indicated that the magnitude of the positive association between traditional bullying perpetration and victimisation by traditional bullying and cyberbullying was mitigated among adolescents with more family, teacher, and public health care support. These findings support the notion that multilayered systems of social support could play a vital role in bullying prevention and intervention strategies to address bullying among adolescents.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrick Chanda & Masauso Chirwa & Ackson Tyson Mwale & Kalunga Cindy Nakazwe & Ireen Manase Kabembo & Bruce Nkole, 2024. "Perceived Social Support and Health Care Spending as Moderators in the Association of Traditional Bullying Perpetration with Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying Victimisation among Adolescents in 2," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(7), pages 1-25, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:7:p:863-:d:1426427
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    References listed on IDEAS

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