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Mapping Local Variations and the Determinants of Childhood Stunting in Nigeria

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  • Kedir Y. Ahmed

    (Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
    Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia)

  • Allen G. Ross

    (Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia)

  • Seada M. Hussien

    (School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie 1145, Ethiopia)

  • Kingsley E. Agho

    (Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
    School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia)

  • Bolajoko O. Olusanya

    (Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, 286A Corporation Drive, Dolphin Estate, Ikoyi, Lagos 101223, Nigeria)

  • Felix Akpojene Ogbo

    (Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
    Riverland Academy of Clinical Excellence (RACE), Riverland Mallee Coorong Local Health Network, SA Health|Government of South Australia, Berri, SA 5343, Australia)

Abstract

Introduction: Understanding the specific geospatial variations in childhood stunting is essential for aligning appropriate health services to where new and/or additional nutritional interventions are required to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and national targets. Objectives: We described local variations in the prevalence of childhood stunting at the second administrative level and its determinants in Nigeria after accounting for the influence of geospatial dependencies. Methods: This study used the 2018 national Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey datasets (NDHS; N = 12,627). We used a Bayesian geostatistical modelling approach to investigate the prevalence of stunting at the second administrative level and its proximal and contextual determinants among children under five years of age in Nigeria. Results: In 2018, the overall prevalence of childhood stunting in Nigeria was 41.5% (95% credible interval (CrI) from 26.4% to 55.7%). There were striking variations in the prevalence of stunting that ranged from 2.0% in Shomolu in Lagos State, Southern Nigeria to 66.4% in Biriniwa in Jigawa State, Northern Nigeria. Factors positively associated with stunting included being perceived as small at the time of birth and experience of three or more episodes of diarrhoea in the two weeks before the survey. Children whose mothers received a formal education and/or were overweight or obese were less likely to be stunted compared to their counterparts. Children who were from rich households, resided in households with improved cooking fuel, resided in urban centres, and lived in medium-rainfall geographic locations were also less likely to be stunted. Conclusion: The study findings showed wide variations in childhood stunting in Nigeria, suggesting the need for a realignment of health services to the poorest regions of Northern Nigeria.

Suggested Citation

  • Kedir Y. Ahmed & Allen G. Ross & Seada M. Hussien & Kingsley E. Agho & Bolajoko O. Olusanya & Felix Akpojene Ogbo, 2023. "Mapping Local Variations and the Determinants of Childhood Stunting in Nigeria," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:3250-:d:1066623
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. United Nations UN, 2015. "The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015," Working Papers id:7097, eSocialSciences.
    2. United Nations UN, 2015. "The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015," Working Papers id:7222, eSocialSciences.
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    4. United Nations UN, 2015. "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," Working Papers id:7559, eSocialSciences.
    5. Carrie Arnold, 2022. "Is precision public health the future — or a contradiction?," Nature, Nature, vol. 601(7891), pages 18-20, January.
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    1. Fasil Wagnew & Kefyalew Addis Alene & Matthew Kelly & Darren Gray, 2023. "Geospatial Overlap of Undernutrition and Tuberculosis in Ethiopia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(21), pages 1-15, October.

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