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Brain Drain out of the Blue: Pollution-Induced Migration in Vietnam

Author

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  • Quy Van Khuc

    (Center for Economic Development Studies and Faculty of Political Economy, VNU University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Minh-Hoang Nguyen

    (Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam)

  • Tam-Tri Le

    (Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam)

  • Truc-Le Nguyen

    (Center for Economic Development Studies and Faculty of Political Economy, VNU University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Thuy Nguyen

    (Vietkaplab, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Hoang Khac Lich

    (Personnel Department, University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Quan-Hoang Vuong

    (Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam)

Abstract

Air pollution is a major problem that severely affects the health of inhabitants in developing countries’ urban areas. To deal with the problem, they may consider migration to another place as an option, which can result in the loss of skillful and talented workforces. This situation is called the brain drain phenomenon. The current study employed the Bayesian mindsponge framework (BMF) on the responses of 475 urban inhabitants in Hanoi, Vietnam—one of the most polluted capital cities in the world—to examine the risk of losing talented workforces due to air pollution. Our results show that people with higher educational levels are more likely to have intentions to migrate both domestically and internationally due to air pollution. Regarding the domestic migration intention, younger people and males have a higher probability of migrating than their counterparts. Age and gender also moderate the association between educational level and international migration intention, but their reliability needs further justification. Based on these findings, we suggest that environmental stressors caused by air pollution can influence citizen displacement intention on a large scale through the personal psychological mechanism of cost-benefit judgment. Due to the risk of air pollution on human resources, building an eco-surplus culture is crucial for enhancing environmental and socio-economic resilience.

Suggested Citation

  • Quy Van Khuc & Minh-Hoang Nguyen & Tam-Tri Le & Truc-Le Nguyen & Thuy Nguyen & Hoang Khac Lich & Quan-Hoang Vuong, 2022. "Brain Drain out of the Blue: Pollution-Induced Migration in Vietnam," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:6:p:3645-:d:774695
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Mindsponge, AISDL, 2023. "Essential materials for Bayesian Mindsponge Framework analytics," OSF Preprints 7bxpd, Center for Open Science.
    5. Rui Zhao & Dawei Liang & Yukun Pan & Qianqian Du, 2022. "Air Pollution and Employee Protection: The Moderating Effect of Public Attention and Environmental Regulations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-18, September.
    6. Nguyen, Minh-Hoang, 2023. "Investigating urban residents' involvement in biodiversity conservation in protected areas: Empirical evidence from Vietnam," Thesis Commons z2hjv, Center for Open Science.
    7. Mindsponge, AISDL, 2022. "Watching our SM3D paper’s footprints," OSF Preprints sf5vr, Center for Open Science.
    8. Quan-Hoang Vuong & Tam-Tri Le & Quy Van Khuc & Quang-Loc Nguyen & Minh-Hoang Nguyen, 2022. "Escaping from Air Pollution: Exploring the Psychological Mechanism behind the Emergence of Internal Migration Intention among Urban Residents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-22, September.
    9. Mindsponge, AISDL, 2022. "Release of guide for bayesvl version 1.0," OSF Preprints rs3zb, Center for Open Science.

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