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Pollution Assessment and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals in a Coastal Industrial City, Zhejiang, Southeastern China

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Listed:
  • Shiyi Wang

    (School of Public Affairs, Institute of Land Science and Property, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Yanbin Zhang

    (Zhejiang Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Hangzhou 310007, China)

  • Jieliang Cheng

    (Zhejiang Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Management Station, Hangzhou 310020, China)

  • Yi Li

    (School of Public Affairs, Institute of Land Science and Property, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Feng Li

    (College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Yan Li

    (School of Public Affairs, Institute of Land Science and Property, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Zhou Shi

    (Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

Abstract

In this research, Ningbo City, a typical industrial city in southeastern China, was selected as the study area, and the concentrations of 12 heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, Hg, As, Co, V, Se, and Mn) were measured at 248 sampling points. Pollution index methods were used to assess the status of soil heavy metal contamination, and the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model and Unmix model were integrated to identify and apportion the sources of heavy metal contamination. The results indicated that nearly 70% of the study area was polluted by heavy metals, and that Ni, Cr, and Zn were the main enriched heavy metals. The five sources identified using the PMF model were a geological source, an atmospheric deposition source, a transportation emissions source, a mixed source of agriculture and industry, and a mixed source of geology and industry. The four sources identified using the Unmix model were a mixed source of geology, agriculture, and industry (14.27%); a transportation emissions source (4.76%); a geological source (14.7%); and a mixed source of geology and industry (66.28%). These results have practical significance, as they can help to carry out pollution source risk assessment and give priority to the management of pollution source control.

Suggested Citation

  • Shiyi Wang & Yanbin Zhang & Jieliang Cheng & Yi Li & Feng Li & Yan Li & Zhou Shi, 2022. "Pollution Assessment and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals in a Coastal Industrial City, Zhejiang, Southeastern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:6:p:3335-:d:769443
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fang Xia & Youwei Zhu & Bifeng Hu & Xueyao Chen & Hongyi Li & Kejian Shi & Liuchang Xu, 2021. "Pollution Characteristics, Spatial Patterns, and Sources of Toxic Elements in Soils from a Typical Industrial City of Eastern China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-20, October.
    2. Li, Hongbin & Zhou, Li-An, 2005. "Political turnover and economic performance: the incentive role of personnel control in China," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(9-10), pages 1743-1762, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wenyu Ma & Yuchun Pan & Zaijin Sun & Changhua Liu & Xiaolan Li & Li Xu & Yunbing Gao, 2023. "Input Flux and the Risk of Heavy Metal(Loid) of Agricultural Soil in China: Based on Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity from 2000 to 2021," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-22, June.
    2. Shuya Tang & Chunhui Wang & Jing Song & Stanley Chukwuemeka Ihenetu & Gang Li, 2024. "Advances in Studies on Heavy Metals in Urban Soil: A Bibliometric Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-24, January.
    3. Zhen Wang & Jianqiang Zhang & Izumi Watanabe, 2022. "Source Apportionment and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals due to Railroad Activity Using a Positive Matrix Factorization Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.

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