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Input Flux and the Risk of Heavy Metal(Loid) of Agricultural Soil in China: Based on Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity from 2000 to 2021

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  • Wenyu Ma

    (School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
    Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China)

  • Yuchun Pan

    (Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China)

  • Zaijin Sun

    (Technical Center for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Changhua Liu

    (School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China)

  • Xiaolan Li

    (Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China)

  • Li Xu

    (Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China)

  • Yunbing Gao

    (Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China)

Abstract

Identifying the current status of the heavy metal(loid) input of agricultural soils is vital for the soil ecological environment of agricultural-producing areas. Most previous studies have typically carried been out in small regions with limited sampling sites, which is insufficient to reveal the overall status of China. This study reviewed publications from over the past 20 years and calculated the input fluxes of heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural soil via atmospheric deposition, fertilizer, manure, and irrigation in different regions of China based on spatiotemporal heterogeneity using a meta-analysis, providing more accurate and reliable results. It was found that the heavy metal(loid) input flux of atmospheric deposition in China is large, while that of fertilizer and manure is relatively low compared to Europe. The major sources of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb entering the soil was atmospheric deposition, which accounted for 12% to 92% of the total input. Manure was responsible for 19% to 75% of the Cu and Zn input. Cd is the element presenting the most significant risk to the environment of agricultural soils in China and its safety limit will be reached within 100 years for most regions. The region we need to be concerned about is Huang-Huai-Hai due to its comprehensive pollution.

Suggested Citation

  • Wenyu Ma & Yuchun Pan & Zaijin Sun & Changhua Liu & Xiaolan Li & Li Xu & Yunbing Gao, 2023. "Input Flux and the Risk of Heavy Metal(Loid) of Agricultural Soil in China: Based on Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity from 2000 to 2021," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-22, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:6:p:1240-:d:1172962
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Feng Liang & Yujie Pan & Hongxia Peng & Min Zeng & Changsheng Huang, 2022. "Time-Space Simulation, Health Risk Warning and Policy Recommendations of Environmental Capacity for Heavy Metals in the Pearl River Basin, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-17, April.
    2. Kui Cai & Chang Li, 2022. "Ecological Risk, Input Flux, and Source of Heavy Metals in the Agricultural Plain of Hebei Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-23, February.
    3. Liu, Chenyu & Song, Changqing & Ye, Sijing & Cheng, Feng & Zhang, Leina & Li, Chao, 2023. "Estimate provincial-level effectiveness of the arable land requisition-compensation balance policy in mainland China in the last 20 years," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    4. Shiyi Wang & Yanbin Zhang & Jieliang Cheng & Yi Li & Feng Li & Yan Li & Zhou Shi, 2022. "Pollution Assessment and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals in a Coastal Industrial City, Zhejiang, Southeastern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-19, March.
    5. Ye, Sijing & Song, Changqing & Shen, Shi & Gao, Peichao & Cheng, Changxiu & Cheng, Feng & Wan, Changjun & Zhu, Dehai, 2020. "Spatial pattern of arable land-use intensity in China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
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