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Cross-Country Differences in Stay-at-Home Behaviors during Peaks in the COVID-19 Pandemic in China and the United States: The Roles of Health Beliefs and Behavioral Intention

Author

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  • Wei Hong

    (Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Ru-De Liu

    (Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Yi Ding

    (Graduate School of Education, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA)

  • Jacqueline Hwang

    (Graduate School of Education, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA)

  • Jia Wang

    (Teachers’ College, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100874, China)

  • Yi Yang

    (Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

Abstract

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly escalated to a global pandemic. To control the rate of transmission, governments advocated that the public practice social distancing, which included staying at home. However, compliance with stay-at-home orders has varied between countries such as China and the United States, and little is known about the mechanisms underlying the national differences. Based on the health belief model, the theory of reasoned action, and the technology acceptance model, health beliefs and behavioral intention are suggested as possible explanations. A total of 498 Chinese and 292 American college students were recruited to complete an online survey. The structural equation modeling results showed that health beliefs (i.e., perceived susceptibility, severity, and barriers) and behavioral intention played multiple mediating roles in the association between nationality and actual stay-at-home behaviors. Notably, the effect via perceived barriers → behavioral intention was stronger than the effects via perceived susceptibility and severity → behavioral intention. That is, American participants perceived high levels of susceptibility whereas Chinese participants perceived high levels of severity, especially few barriers, which further led to increased behavioral intention and more frequent stay-at-home behaviors. These findings not only facilitate a comprehensive understanding of cross-country differences in compliance with stay-at-home orders during peaks in the COVID-19 pandemic but also lend support for mitigation of the current global crisis and future disease prevention and health promotion efforts.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei Hong & Ru-De Liu & Yi Ding & Jacqueline Hwang & Jia Wang & Yi Yang, 2021. "Cross-Country Differences in Stay-at-Home Behaviors during Peaks in the COVID-19 Pandemic in China and the United States: The Roles of Health Beliefs and Behavioral Intention," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:2104-:d:503358
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Xuewei Chen & Hongliang Chen, 2020. "Differences in Preventive Behaviors of COVID-19 between Urban and Rural Residents: Lessons Learned from A Cross-Sectional Study in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-14, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Joaquin Alberto Padilla-Bautista & Gilberto Manuel Galindo-Aldana, 2022. "Identifying Factors That Predict Behavioral Intention to Stay under Lockdown during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Using a Structural Equation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-11, February.
    2. Cantay Caliskan & Alaz Kilicaslan, 2023. "Varieties of corona news: a cross-national study on the foundations of online misinformation production during the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Computational Social Science, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 191-243, April.
    3. Hui Zhang & Min Zhuang & Yihan Cao & Jingxian Pan & Xiaowan Zhang & Jie Zhang & Honglei Zhang, 2021. "Social Distancing in Tourism Destination Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A Moderated Mediation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Yijun Zhao & Yi Ding & Yangqian Shen & Samuel Failing & Jacqueline Hwang, 2022. "Different Coping Patterns among US Graduate and Undergraduate Students during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Machine Learning Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-16, February.
    5. Yi Yang & Ru-De Liu & Yi Ding & Jia Wang & Wei Hong & Ying Wu, 2021. "The Influence of Communication on College Students’ Self–Other Risk Perceptions of COVID-19: A Comparative Study of China and the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-16, November.

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