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Association between Maternal Postpartum Depression, Stress, Optimism, and Breastfeeding Pattern in the First Six Months

Author

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  • Andrea Gila-Díaz

    (Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Gloria Herranz Carrillo

    (Division of Neonatology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), C/ Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Ángel Luis López de Pablo

    (Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Silvia M. Arribas

    (Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • David Ramiro-Cortijo

    (Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA)

Abstract

Early breastfeeding cessation is a major public health problem. Several factors can affect breastfeeding pattern, and psychological aspects have been poorly explored. We hypothesize that psychological factors and breastfeeding pattern have a relationship. We have assessed in mothers during the first six months of lactation if breastfeeding pattern is associated with maternal stress, postpartum depression, and dispositional optimism, and if these psychological factors play a role on breastfeeding adherence. In total, 711 women participated, answering online the following questionnaires: sociodemographic, perceived stress scale, Edinburgh postpartum depression scale, life orientation test, and breastfeeding adherence score. Women were categorized according to infant feeding practices as exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) or mixed breastfeeding (MBF). The EBF group had a lower score of perceived stress compared to those giving MBF (first month: EBF = 1.5 [1.1; 1.9], MBF = 1.8 [1.5; 2.0]; p -Value = 0.030; third month: EBF = 1.6 [1.2; 2.0], MBF = 1.8 [1.5; 2.4]; p -Value = 0.038) and also had a lower score of postpartum depression (third month: EBF = 8.0 [6.0; 11.0], MBF = 11.0 [9.0; 15.0]; p -Value = 0.001). The breastfeeding adherence score showed a positive correlation with maternal perceived stress (first month: ρ = 0.27; p -Value = 0.018), and postpartum depression (third month: ρ = 0.30; p -Value < 0.001), and a negative correlation with maternal dispositional optimism (second month: ρ = −0.20; p -Value = 0.028). MBF was positively associated with breastfeeding adherence score (odd ratio (OR) = 1.4 [1.2–1.6]; p -Value < 0.001) and with postpartum depression (OR = 1.1 [1.0; 1.1]; p -Value = 0.020). In the third month of breastfeeding, women with MBF exhibited higher perceive stress and postpartum depression compared to those with EBF and no difference in dispositional optimism. The maternal psychological aspects are associated with breastfeeding pattern. Evaluation of maternal psychological concerns and providing support to lactating mothers may help improving breastfeeding adherence.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrea Gila-Díaz & Gloria Herranz Carrillo & Ángel Luis López de Pablo & Silvia M. Arribas & David Ramiro-Cortijo, 2020. "Association between Maternal Postpartum Depression, Stress, Optimism, and Breastfeeding Pattern in the First Six Months," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:19:p:7153-:d:421769
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Avendano, Mauricio & Berkman, Lisa F. & Brugiavini, Agar & Pasini, Giacomo, 2015. "The long-run effect of maternity leave benefits on mental health: Evidence from European countries," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 45-53.
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    Cited by:

    1. Maria de la Calle & Jose L. Bartha & Cristina M. Lopez & Miriam Turiel & Nuria Martinez & Silvia M. Arribas & David Ramiro-Cortijo, 2021. "Younger Age in Adolescent Pregnancies Is Associated with Higher Risk of Adverse Outcomes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-11, August.
    2. Adi Freund-Azaria & Tami Bar-Shalita & Rivka Regev & Orit Bart, 2022. "The Role of Motor Coordination, ADHD-Related Characteristics and Temperament among Mothers and Infants in Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Cohort Prospective Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Nada Alyousefi & Arwa Alemam & Dena Altwaijri & Sarah Alarifi & Haifa Alessa, 2022. "Predictors of Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Expectant Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-11, March.

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