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Impact of Alcohol Policies on Suicidal Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review

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  • Kairi Kõlves

    (Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia)

  • Kate M. Chitty

    (Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2008, Australia)

  • Rachmania Wardhani

    (Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia)

  • Airi Värnik

    (School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia
    Estonian-Swedish Mental Health and Suicidology Institute, 11615 Tallinn, Estonia)

  • Diego de Leo

    (Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia)

  • Katrina Witt

    (Orygen, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
    Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia)

Abstract

Alcohol consumption has been found to be related to suicidal behavior at the individual and population level, but there is lack of literature reviews on the effect of alcohol policies on suicidal behavior. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to conduct a systematic literature review of the impact of alcohol policies at the population level on suicidal behavior and ideation. We searched the Cochrane CENTRAL, Cochrane DARE, EMBASE, Medline, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science electronic databases in March 2019. Papers analyzing alcohol policies limiting alcohol use and studying suicidal behaviors as an outcome measure were included; we identified 19 papers. Although the methods and effect sizes varied substantially in the studies, reducing alcohol often led to reduction in suicidal behavior. Ecological-level studies predominantly investigated the effect of restrictions on alcohol availability and increased cost of alcohol, and the majority presented a reduction in suicides across Western and Eastern Europe, as well as the US. The majority of studies were rated as unclear risk of bias for a number of domains due to a lack of clear reporting. Policies targeting harmful alcohol consumption may contribute towards a reduction in suicidal behavior at the population level.

Suggested Citation

  • Kairi Kõlves & Kate M. Chitty & Rachmania Wardhani & Airi Värnik & Diego de Leo & Katrina Witt, 2020. "Impact of Alcohol Policies on Suicidal Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-26, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:19:p:7030-:d:419854
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Christopher Carpenter, 2004. "Heavy alcohol use and youth suicide: Evidence from tougher drunk driving laws," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(4), pages 831-842.
    2. Pridemore, W.A. & Chamlin, M.B. & Andreev, E., 2013. "Reduction in male suicide mortality following the 2006 Russian alcohol policy: An Interrupted time series analysis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(11), pages 2021-2026.
    3. Berman, M., 2014. "Suicide among young alaska native men: Community risk factors and alcohol control," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 104(S3), pages 329-335.
    4. Pridemore, W.A. & Snowden, A.J., 2009. "Reduction in suicide mortality following a new national alcohol policy in Slovenia: An interrupted time-series analysis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(5), pages 915-920.
    5. Callaghan, R.C. & Sanches, M. & Gatley, J.M. & Cunningham, J.K., 2013. "Effects of the minimum legal drinking age on alcohol-related health service use in hospital settings in Ontario: A regression-discontinuity approach," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(12), pages 2284-2291.
    6. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Diego Garcia-Fernández & Samuel Fernández-Salinero & Gabriele Giorgi & Gabriela Topa & Ana María Marcos Del Cano, 2021. "The Impact of Suicide Utility Perception on News over Terminally Ill Patients’ Suicide Attitudes: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-11, August.

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