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Investigation of Correlated Internet and Smartphone Addiction in Adolescents: Copula Regression Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Minji Lee

    (Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea)

  • Sun Ju Chung

    (Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea)

  • Youngjo Lee

    (Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Sera Park

    (I Will Center, Seoul Metropolitan Boramae Youth Center, Seoul 07062, Korea)

  • Jun-Gun Kwon

    (I Will Center, Seoul Metropolitan Boramae Youth Center, Seoul 07062, Korea)

  • Dai Jin Kim

    (Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea)

  • Donghwan Lee

    (Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea)

  • Jung-Seok Choi

    (Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea)

Abstract

Internet and smartphone addiction have become important social issues. Various studies have demonstrated their association with clinical and psychological factors, including depression, anxiety, aggression, anger expression, and behavioral inhibition, and behavioral activation systems. However, these two addictions are also highly correlated with each other, so the consideration of the relationship between internet and smartphone addiction can enhance the analysis. In this study, we considered the copula regression model to regress the bivariate addictions on clinical and psychological factors. Real data analysis with 555 students (age range: 14–15 years; males, N = 295; females, N = 265) from South Korean public middle schools is illustrated. By fitting the copula regression model, we investigated the dependency between internet and smartphone addiction and determined the risk factors associated with the two addictions. Furthermore, by comparing the model fits of the copula model with linear regression and generalized linear models, the best copula model was proposed in terms of goodness of fit. Our findings revealed that internet and smartphone addiction are not separate problems, and that associations between them should be considered. Psychological factors, such as anxiety, the behavioral inhibition system, and aggression were also significantly associated with both addictions, while ADHD symptoms were related to internet addiction only. We emphasize the need to establish policies on the prevention, management, and education of addiction.

Suggested Citation

  • Minji Lee & Sun Ju Chung & Youngjo Lee & Sera Park & Jun-Gun Kwon & Dai Jin Kim & Donghwan Lee & Jung-Seok Choi, 2020. "Investigation of Correlated Internet and Smartphone Addiction in Adolescents: Copula Regression Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-12, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:16:p:5806-:d:397365
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peter Xue‐Kun Song, 2000. "Multivariate Dispersion Models Generated From Gaussian Copula," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 27(2), pages 305-320, June.
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    3. Marie Laure Delignette-Muller & Christophe Dutang, 2015. "fitdistrplus : An R Package for Fitting Distributions," Post-Print hal-01616147, HAL.
    4. Doris Jaalouk & Jocelyne Boumosleh, 2018. "Is Smartphone Addiction Associated with a Younger Age at First Use in University Students?," Global Journal of Health Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 10(2), pages 134-134, February.
    5. Delignette-Muller, Marie Laure & Dutang, Christophe, 2015. "fitdistrplus: An R Package for Fitting Distributions," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 64(i04).
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    Cited by:

    1. Livia I. Andrade & Marlon Santiago Viñán-Ludeña & Julio Alvarado, 2022. "Psychometric Validation of the Internet Gaming Disorder-20 Test among Ecuadorian Teenagers and Young People," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-9, April.
    2. Anna Maria Annoni & Serena Petrocchi & Anne-Linda Camerini & Laura Marciano, 2021. "The Relationship between Social Anxiety, Smartphone Use, Dispositional Trust, and Problematic Smartphone Use: A Moderated Mediation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-15, March.

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