IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v8y2015i7p6945-6961d52366.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Environmentally-Friendly Tourist Village in Egypt Based on a Hybrid Renewable Energy System––Part Two: A Net Zero Energy Tourist Village

Author

Listed:
  • Fahd Diab

    (College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
    Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt)

  • Hai Lan

    (College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China)

  • Lijun Zhang

    (College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China)

  • Salwa Ali

    (Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt)

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to discuss the economical and the environmental analysis of a net zero energy (NZE) tourist village in Alexandria, Egypt, by maximizing the renewable energy fraction and minimizing the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The hybrid photovoltaics (PV)/wind/diesel/battery system is found to be the optimum hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for the proposed tourist village under the study. The optimum HRES consists of 1600 kW of PV panels (58.09% solar energy penetration), 1000 kW of wind turbines (41.34% wind energy penetration), 1000 kW of power converters, 200 kW diesel generator (only 0.57% diesel generator penetration) in addition to 2000 batteries with the capacity of 589 Ah each. The levelized cost of energy (COE) from the optimum HRES is $0.17/kWh and the total net present cost (NPC) of this system is $15,383,360. Additionally, the maximum renewable energy fraction is 99.1% and the amount of GHG emitted from the optimum HRES is only 31,289 kg/year, which is negligible in comparison with the other system configurations, therefore the optimum HRES can be considered as a green system. In addition to this, the achieved percentage of the capacity shortage and the unmet load in the optimal HRES is only 0% for both.

Suggested Citation

  • Fahd Diab & Hai Lan & Lijun Zhang & Salwa Ali, 2015. "An Environmentally-Friendly Tourist Village in Egypt Based on a Hybrid Renewable Energy System––Part Two: A Net Zero Energy Tourist Village," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:7:p:6945-6961:d:52366
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/8/7/6945/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/8/7/6945/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kwan, Calvin Lee & Kwan, Timothy J., 2011. "The financials of constructing a solar PV for net-zero energy operations on college campuses," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 226-234.
    2. Pacheco, Miguel & Lamberts, Roberto, 2013. "Assessment of technical and economical viability for large-scale conversion of single family residential buildings into zero energy buildings in Brazil: Climatic and cultural considerations," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 716-725.
    3. Zhao, Bo & Zhang, Xuesong & Li, Peng & Wang, Ke & Xue, Meidong & Wang, Caisheng, 2014. "Optimal sizing, operating strategy and operational experience of a stand-alone microgrid on Dongfushan Island," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1656-1666.
    4. Cellura, Maurizio & Guarino, Francesco & Longo, Sonia & Mistretta, Marina, 2015. "Different energy balances for the redesign of nearly net zero energy buildings: An Italian case study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 100-112.
    5. Kalinci, Yildiz, 2015. "Alternative energy scenarios for Bozcaada island, Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 468-480.
    6. Dall'O', Giuliano & Bruni, Elisa & Sarto, Luca, 2013. "An Italian pilot project for zero energy buildings: Towards a quality-driven approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 840-846.
    7. Heffernan, Emma & Pan, Wei & Liang, Xi & de Wilde, Pieter, 2015. "Zero carbon homes: Perceptions from the UK construction industry," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 23-36.
    8. Iqbal, M.T., 2004. "A feasibility study of a zero energy home in Newfoundland," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 277-289.
    9. Fahd Diab & Hai Lan & Lijun Zhang & Salwa Ali, 2015. "An Environmentally-Friendly Tourist Village in Egypt Based on a Hybrid Renewable Energy System––Part One: What Is the Optimum City?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-19, July.
    10. Salom, Jaume & Marszal, Anna Joanna & Widén, Joakim & Candanedo, José & Lindberg, Karen Byskov, 2014. "Analysis of load match and grid interaction indicators in net zero energy buildings with simulated and monitored data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 119-131.
    11. Zabaneh, Ghassan A., 2011. "Zero net house: Preliminary assessment of suitability for Alberta," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 3237-3242, August.
    12. Saman, Wasim Y., 2013. "Towards zero energy homes down under," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 211-215.
    13. Milan, Christian & Bojesen, Carsten & Nielsen, Mads Pagh, 2012. "A cost optimization model for 100% renewable residential energy supply systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 118-127.
    14. Alrashed, Farajallah & Asif, Muhammad, 2015. "Analysis of critical climate related factors for the application of zero-energy homes in Saudi Arabia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 1395-1403.
    15. Marszal, Anna Joanna & Heiselberg, Per & Lund Jensen, Rasmus & Nørgaard, Jesper, 2012. "On-site or off-site renewable energy supply options? Life cycle cost analysis of a Net Zero Energy Building in Denmark," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 154-165.
    16. Ramli, Makbul A.M. & Hiendro, Ayong & Sedraoui, Khaled & Twaha, Ssennoga, 2015. "Optimal sizing of grid-connected photovoltaic energy system in Saudi Arabia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 489-495.
    17. Elkinton, Melissa R. & McGowan, Jon G. & Manwell, James F., 2009. "Wind power systems for zero net energy housing in the United States," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 1270-1278.
    18. Sinha, Sunanda & Chandel, S.S., 2014. "Review of software tools for hybrid renewable energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 192-205.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dhirasasna, NiNa & Sahin, Oz, 2021. "A system dynamics model for renewable energy technology adoption of the hotel sector," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1994-2007.
    2. Diab, Fahd & Lan, Hai & Ali, Salwa, 2016. "Novel comparison study between the hybrid renewable energy systems on land and on ship," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 452-463.
    3. Navratil, J. & Picha, K. & Buchecker, M. & Martinat, S. & Svec, R. & Brezinova, M. & Knotek, J., 2019. "Visitors’ preferences of renewable energy options in “green” hotels," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 1065-1077.
    4. Shenbo Yang & Zhongfu Tan & Liwei Ju & Hongyu Lin & Gejirifu De & Qingkun Tan & Feng’ao Zhou, 2018. "An Income Distributing Optimization Model for Cooperative Operation among Different Types of Power Sellers Considering Different Scenarios," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, October.
    5. Hua, Jian & Shiu, Hong-Gwo, 2018. "Sustainable development of renewable energy on Wangan Island, Taiwan," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 200-208.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hua, Jian & Shiu, Hong-Gwo, 2018. "Sustainable development of renewable energy on Wangan Island, Taiwan," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 200-208.
    2. Rahmat Khezri & Amin Mahmoudi & Hirohisa Aki & S. M. Muyeen, 2021. "Optimal Planning of Remote Area Electricity Supply Systems: Comprehensive Review, Recent Developments and Future Scopes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-29, September.
    3. Garshasbi, Samira & Kurnitski, Jarek & Mohammadi, Yousef, 2016. "A hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Monte Carlo simulation approach to predict hourly energy consumption and generation by a cluster of Net Zero Energy Buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 626-637.
    4. Vaziri Rad, Mohammad Amin & Toopshekan, Ashkan & Rahdan, Parisa & Kasaeian, Alibakhsh & Mahian, Omid, 2020. "A comprehensive study of techno-economic and environmental features of different solar tracking systems for residential photovoltaic installations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    5. Asaee, S. Rasoul & Ugursal, V. Ismet & Beausoleil-Morrison, Ian, 2019. "Development and analysis of strategies to facilitate the conversion of Canadian houses into net zero energy buildings," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 118-130.
    6. Jung, Jaesung & Villaran, Michael, 2017. "Optimal planning and design of hybrid renewable energy systems for microgrids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 180-191.
    7. Fahd Diab & Hai Lan & Lijun Zhang & Salwa Ali, 2015. "An Environmentally-Friendly Tourist Village in Egypt Based on a Hybrid Renewable Energy System––Part One: What Is the Optimum City?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-19, July.
    8. Li, Chong & Zhou, Dequn & Zheng, Yuan, 2018. "Techno-economic comparative study of grid-connected PV power systems in five climate zones, China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 1352-1369.
    9. Muhammad Altaf & Wesam Salah Alaloul & Muhammad Ali Musarat & Abdul Hannan Qureshi, 2023. "Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of construction projects: sustainability perspective," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(11), pages 12071-12118, November.
    10. Bahramara, S. & Moghaddam, M. Parsa & Haghifam, M.R., 2016. "Optimal planning of hybrid renewable energy systems using HOMER: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 609-620.
    11. Padrón, Isidro & Avila, Deivis & Marichal, Graciliano N. & Rodríguez, José A., 2019. "Assessment of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems to supplied energy to Autonomous Desalination Systems in two islands of the Canary Archipelago," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 221-230.
    12. Navid Shirzadi & Fuzhan Nasiri & Ursula Eicker, 2020. "Optimal Configuration and Sizing of an Integrated Renewable Energy System for Isolated and Grid-Connected Microgrids: The Case of an Urban University Campus," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-18, July.
    13. Rad, Mohammad Amin Vaziri & Ghasempour, Roghaye & Rahdan, Parisa & Mousavi, Soroush & Arastounia, Mehrdad, 2020. "Techno-economic analysis of a hybrid power system based on the cost-effective hydrogen production method for rural electrification, a case study in Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    14. Mahesh, Aeidapu & Sandhu, Kanwarjit Singh, 2015. "Hybrid wind/photovoltaic energy system developments: Critical review and findings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1135-1147.
    15. Diab, Fahd & Lan, Hai & Ali, Salwa, 2016. "Novel comparison study between the hybrid renewable energy systems on land and on ship," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 452-463.
    16. Andrea A. Eras-Almeida & Miguel A. Egido-Aguilera & Philipp Blechinger & Sarah Berendes & Estefanía Caamaño & Enrique García-Alcalde, 2020. "Decarbonizing the Galapagos Islands: Techno-Economic Perspectives for the Hybrid Renewable Mini-Grid Baltra–Santa Cruz," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-47, March.
    17. Allik, Alo & Märss, Maido & Uiga, Jaanus & Annuk, Andres, 2016. "Optimization of the inverter size for grid-connected residential wind energy systems with peak shaving," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 1116-1125.
    18. Al-Saadi, Saleh Nasser & Shaaban, Awni K., 2019. "Zero energy building (ZEB) in a cooling dominated climate of Oman: Design and energy performance analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 299-316.
    19. Ali, Fahad & Ahmar, Muhammad & Jiang, Yuexiang & AlAhmad, Mohammad, 2021. "A techno-economic assessment of hybrid energy systems in rural Pakistan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PA).
    20. Yilmaz, Saban & Dincer, Furkan, 2017. "Optimal design of hybrid PV-Diesel-Battery systems for isolated lands: A case study for Kilis, Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 344-352.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:7:p:6945-6961:d:52366. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.