IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i6p1356-d1608914.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

State-of-the-Art in the Use of Renewable Energy Sources on the Example of Wind, Wave Energy, Tidal Energy, and Energy Harvesting: A Review from 2015 to 2024

Author

Listed:
  • Jacek Lukasz Wilk-Jakubowski

    (Department of Information Systems, Kielce University of Technology, 7 Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego Ave., 25-314 Kielce, Poland
    Institute of Crisis Management and Computer Modelling, 28-100 Busko-Zdrój, Poland)

  • Lukasz Pawlik

    (Department of Information Systems, Kielce University of Technology, 7 Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego Ave., 25-314 Kielce, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Wilk-Jakubowski

    (Institute of Crisis Management and Computer Modelling, 28-100 Busko-Zdrój, Poland
    Institute of Internal Security, Old Polish University of Applied Sciences, 49 Ponurego Piwnika Str., 25-666 Kielce, Poland)

  • Radoslaw Harabin

    (Institute of Crisis Management and Computer Modelling, 28-100 Busko-Zdrój, Poland
    Institute of Internal Security, Old Polish University of Applied Sciences, 49 Ponurego Piwnika Str., 25-666 Kielce, Poland)

Abstract

Today, there is a marked increase in interest in the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix, which benefits the environment. This also applies to the energy of sea (wave) current, as, without a doubt, the offshore area is becoming one of the leading areas of renewable energy, which translates into changes in energy production. This can be exemplified by the latest research in the context of theory, design, modeling, as well as application, control, and monitoring of wave turbines to enhance their performance. This article reviews the research in this context, systematizes information, identifies literature gaps, and presents future directions in this area. For this purpose, 3240 English-language publications from 2015 to 2024 were identified in the Scopus database. The data are analyzed according to the selected research domains. Some of them are review or conceptual in nature, while others are empirical in nature (experimental attempts and case studies). From this point of view, it becomes possible not only to systematize the state-of-the-art but also to identify future research prospects.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacek Lukasz Wilk-Jakubowski & Lukasz Pawlik & Grzegorz Wilk-Jakubowski & Radoslaw Harabin, 2025. "State-of-the-Art in the Use of Renewable Energy Sources on the Example of Wind, Wave Energy, Tidal Energy, and Energy Harvesting: A Review from 2015 to 2024," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-26, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:6:p:1356-:d:1608914
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/6/1356/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/6/1356/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. de Jesus Henriques, Tiago A. & Hedges, Terry S. & Owen, Ieuan & Poole, Robert J., 2016. "The influence of blade pitch angle on the performance of a model horizontal axis tidal stream turbine operating under wave–current interaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 166-175.
    2. Mazzucato, Mariana & Semieniuk, Gregor, 2018. "Financing renewable energy: Who is financing what and why it matters," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 8-22.
    3. Bowen Zhou & Zhibo Zhang & Guangdi Li & Dongsheng Yang & Matilde Santos, 2023. "Review of Key Technologies for Offshore Floating Wind Power Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-26, January.
    4. Jesus San-Miguel-Ayanz & Nicolas Ravail, 2005. "Active Fire Detection for Fire Emergency Management: Potential and Limitations for the Operational Use of Remote Sensing," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 35(3), pages 361-376, July.
    5. Li, Liang & Gao, Yan & Yuan, Zhiming & Day, Sandy & Hu, Zhiqiang, 2018. "Dynamic response and power production of a floating integrated wind, wave and tidal energy system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 412-422.
    6. Koganti Srilakshmi & Canavoy Narahari Sujatha & Praveen Kumar Balachandran & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Naluguru Udaya Kumar, 2022. "Optimal Design of an Artificial Intelligence Controller for Solar-Battery Integrated UPQC in Three Phase Distribution Networks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-30, October.
    7. Przychodzen, Wojciech & Przychodzen, Justyna, 2020. "Determinants of renewable energy production in transition economies: A panel data approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    8. Elhanafi, Ahmed & Fleming, Alan & Macfarlane, Gregor & Leong, Zhi, 2017. "Underwater geometrical impact on the hydrodynamic performance of an offshore oscillating water column–wave energy converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 209-231.
    9. Chul H. Jo & Do Y. Kim & Su J. Hwang & Chan H. Goo, 2016. "Shape Design of the Duct for Tidal Converters Using Both Numerical and Experimental Approaches (pre-2015)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-8, March.
    10. He, Kunpeng & Ye, Jianhong, 2023. "Dynamics of offshore wind turbine-seabed foundation under hydrodynamic and aerodynamic loads: A coupled numerical way," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 453-469.
    11. Marques, António Cardoso & Fuinhas, José Alberto, 2012. "Are public policies towards renewables successful? Evidence from European countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 109-118.
    12. Carley, Sanya, 2009. "State renewable energy electricity policies: An empirical evaluation of effectiveness," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 3071-3081, August.
    13. Machado, M.R. & Dutkiewicz, M. & Colherinhas, G.B., 2024. "Metamaterial-based vibration control for offshore wind turbines operating under multiple hazard excitation forces," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    14. Michał Borecki & Maciej Ciuba, 2023. "Testing of Selected Surge Protection Devices in the Context of the Possibility of Ensuring the Reliability of Power Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-15, February.
    15. Daraz, Amil, 2023. "Optimized cascaded controller for frequency stabilization of marine microgrid system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    16. Kim, Eun Soo & Bernitsas, Michael M., 2016. "Performance prediction of horizontal hydrokinetic energy converter using multiple-cylinder synergy in flow induced motion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 92-100.
    17. Wang, LiGuo & Lin, MaoFeng & Tedeschi, Elisabetta & Engström, Jens & Isberg, Jan, 2020. "Improving electric power generation of a standalone wave energy converter via optimal electric load control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    18. Narendran, K. & Murali, K. & Sundar, V., 2016. "Investigations into efficiency of vortex induced vibration hydro-kinetic energy device," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 224-235.
    19. Fuli Zhang & Wanqiang Zhu & Shuai Zu & Xueming Zhang & Jianmei Chen & Baigong Wu & Jipeng Huang, 2025. "Control Research on Active Pitch Control System for Horizontal-Axis Tidal-Current Turbine Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-25, February.
    20. Denis Anatolievich Ustinov & Ershat Rashitovich Shafhatov, 2022. "Assessment of Reliability Indicators of Combined Systems of Offshore Wind Turbines and Wave Energy Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-20, December.
    21. Lu, Kai-Hung & Hong, Chih-Ming & Xu, Qiangqiang, 2019. "Recurrent wavelet-based Elman neural network with modified gravitational search algorithm control for integrated offshore wind and wave power generation systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 40-52.
    22. Zhuo Liu & Azeddine Houari & Mohamed Machmoum & Mohamed-Fouad Benkhoris & Tianhao Tang, 2020. "An Active FTC Strategy Using Generalized Proportional Integral Observers Applied to Five-Phase PMSG based Tidal Current Energy Conversion Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-22, December.
    23. Silva, R.N. & Nunes, M.M. & Oliveira, F.L. & Oliveira, T.F. & Brasil, A.C.P. & Pinto, M.S.S., 2023. "Dynamical analysis of a novel hybrid oceanic tidal-wave energy converter system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PD).
    24. Cherubini, Antonello & Vertechy, Rocco & Fontana, Marco, 2016. "Simplified model of offshore Airborne Wind Energy Converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 465-473.
    25. Han, Chenlu & Nagamune, Ryozo, 2020. "Platform position control of floating wind turbines using aerodynamic force," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 896-907.
    26. Xiao, Xiaolong & Xiao, Longfei & Peng, Tao, 2017. "Comparative study on power capture performance of oscillating-body wave energy converters with three novel power take-off systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 94-105.
    27. López-Queija, Javier & Robles, Eider & Jugo, Josu & Alonso-Quesada, Santiago, 2022. "Review of control technologies for floating offshore wind turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    28. Chen, Shuo & Jiang, Boxi & Li, Xiaofan & Huang, Jianuo & Wu, Xian & Xiong, Qiuchi & Parker, Robert G. & Zuo, Lei, 2022. "Design, dynamic modeling and wave basin verification of a Hybrid Wave–Current Energy Converter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Corrocher, Nicoletta & Cappa, Elisabetta, 2020. "The Role of public interventions in inducing private climate finance: An empirical analysis of the solar energy sector," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    2. Esenyel İçen, Nimet Melis, 2025. "What are the determinants of renewable energy consumption? An application for variable selection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    3. Mac Clay, Pablo & Börner, Jan & Sellare, Jorge, 2023. "Institutional and macroeconomic stability mediate the effect of auctions on renewable energy capacity," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    4. Zhang, Baoshou & Song, Baowei & Mao, Zhaoyong & Li, Boyang & Gu, Mengfan, 2019. "Hydrokinetic energy harnessing by spring-mounted oscillators in FIM with different cross sections: From triangle to circle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    5. Degirmenci, Tunahan & Yavuz, Hakan, 2024. "Environmental taxes, R&D expenditures and renewable energy consumption in EU countries: Are fiscal instruments effective in the expansion of clean energy?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    6. Zhang, Baoshou & Mao, Zhaoyong & Wang, Liang & Fu, Song & Ding, Wenjun, 2021. "A novel V-shaped layout method for VIV hydrokinetic energy converters inspired by geese flying in a V-Formation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    7. Ibrahiem, Dalia M. & Hanafy, Shaimaa A., 2021. "Do energy security and environmental quality contribute to renewable energy? The role of trade openness and energy use in North African countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 667-678.
    8. kos Hamburger & G bor Harangoz, 2018. "Factors Affecting the Evolution of Renewable Electricity Generating Capacities: A Panel Data Analysis of European Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(5), pages 161-172.
    9. Romano, Antonio A. & Scandurra, Giuseppe & Carfora, Alfonso & Fodor, Mate, 2017. "Renewable investments: The impact of green policies in developing and developed countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 738-747.
    10. Liu, Ying & Feng, Chao, 2023. "Promoting renewable energy through national energy legislation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    11. Li, Liang & Yuan, Zhiming & Gao, Yan, 2018. "Maximization of energy absorption for a wave energy converter using the deep machine learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 340-349.
    12. Basher, Syed Abul & Masini, Andrea & Aflaki, Sam, 2015. "Time series properties of the renewable energy diffusion process: Implications for energy policy design and assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1680-1692.
    13. Marc Baudry & Clément Bonnet, 2016. "Demand pull isntruments and the development of wind power in Europe: A counter-factual analysis," Working Papers 1607, Chaire Economie du climat.
    14. Consolación Quintana-Rojo & Fernando E. Callejas-Albiñana & Miguel-Angel Tarancón & Pablo del Río, 2019. "Identifying the Drivers of Wind Capacity Additions: The Case of Spain. A Multiequational Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-19, May.
    15. Dogan, Eyup & Chishti, Muhammad Zubair & Karimi Alavijeh, Nooshin & Tzeremes, Panayiotis, 2022. "The roles of technology and Kyoto Protocol in energy transition towards COP26 targets: Evidence from the novel GMM-PVAR approach for G-7 countries," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    16. Yeboah Asuamah, Samuel, 2015. "Government activities and fossil fuel consumption in Ghana," MPRA Paper 89549, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 15 Aug 2018.
    17. Flora, Rui & Marques, António Cardoso & Fuinhas, José Alberto, 2014. "Wind power idle capacity in a panel of European countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 823-830.
    18. Husain, Shaiara & Sohag, Kazi & Wu, Yanrui, 2024. "Proven reserve oil and renewable energy nexus: Efficacy of policy stringency," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    19. Aguirre, Mariana & Ibikunle, Gbenga, 2014. "Determinants of renewable energy growth: A global sample analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 374-384.
    20. Carfora, A. & Pansini, R.V. & Scandurra, G., 2021. "The role of environmental taxes and public policies in supporting RES investments in EU countries: Barriers and mimicking effects," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:6:p:1356-:d:1608914. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.