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A Framework for Resilient Community Microgrids: Review of Operational Strategies and Performance Metrics

Author

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  • Joy Dalmacio Billanes

    (SDU Center for Energy Informatics, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, The Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark)

  • Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen

    (SDU Center for Energy Informatics, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, The Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark)

  • Zheng Ma

    (SDU Center for Energy Informatics, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, The Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark)

Abstract

The growing frequency of extreme weather events and grid disruptions highlights the urgent need for resilient energy systems. Decentralized and autonomous, community microgrids offer reliable and adaptable solutions. However, existing research often isolates components or control methods, lacking a comprehensive synthesis of their interdependencies and resilience strategies. To address this gap, this study conducts a comprehensive scoping review to synthesize the current state of knowledge on community microgrids, focusing on their types, components, operational strategies, control methods, and performance indicators. The research identifies key microgrid subtypes, such as islanded, hybrid, multi-energy, and autonomous systems, and evaluates the role of critical components like energy storage systems and distributed energy resources in enhancing resilience. It also highlights performance indicators, including reliability, stability, and flexibility, that serve as benchmarks for resilience. A novel framework is proposed, integrating microgrid design and operational aspects into a cohesive model for resilience enhancement. This framework provides actionable insights for practitioners to optimize microgrid design, for policymakers to create adaptive regulations, and for researchers to address knowledge gaps in the field. The findings underscore the critical role of advanced control methodologies in improving adaptability and efficiency under diverse operational conditions. By addressing the lack of an integrated approach in the existing literature, this study contributes to advancing resilient energy systems, supporting the energy transition, and promoting energy security. Future research should validate the proposed framework through empirical studies and explore scalable, cost-effective solutions to enable widespread adoption.

Suggested Citation

  • Joy Dalmacio Billanes & Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen & Zheng Ma, 2025. "A Framework for Resilient Community Microgrids: Review of Operational Strategies and Performance Metrics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-39, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:2:p:405-:d:1569849
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stadler, Michael & Cardoso, Gonçalo & Mashayekh, Salman & Forget, Thibault & DeForest, Nicholas & Agarwal, Ankit & Schönbein, Anna, 2016. "Value streams in microgrids: A literature review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 980-989.
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    3. Chengshun Yang & Shuangfei Ni & Yuchen Dai & Xiaoning Huang & Dongdong Zhang, 2020. "Anti-Disturbance Finite-Time Adaptive Sliding Mode Backstepping Control for PV Inverter in Master–Slave-Organized Islanded Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-19, August.
    4. Sircar, Indraneel & Sage, Daniel & Goodier, Chris & Fussey, Pete & Dainty, Andrew, 2013. "Constructing resilient futures: integrating UK multi-stakeholder transport and energy resilience for 2050," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 69768, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
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    6. Soheil Mohseni & Alan C. Brent & Daniel Burmester, 2020. "Community Resilience-Oriented Optimal Micro-Grid Capacity Expansion Planning: The Case of Totarabank Eco-Village, New Zealand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-29, August.
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