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Experimental and Numerical Study on Air Cooling System Dedicated to Photovoltaic Panels

Author

Listed:
  • Maksymilian Homa

    (Department of Sustainable Energy Development, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Sornek

    (Department of Sustainable Energy Development, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Wojciech Goryl

    (Department of Sustainable Energy Development, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

Abstract

The efficiency of solar systems, in particular photovoltaic panels, is typically low. Various environmental parameters affect solar panels, including sunlight, the ambient and module surface temperatures, the wind speed, humidity, shading, dust, the installation height, etc. Among others, the key players are indeed solar irradiance and temperature. The higher the temperature is, the higher the short-circuit current is, and the lower the open-circuit voltage is. The negative effect of lowering the open-circuit voltage is dominant, consequently lowering the power of the photovoltaic panels. Passive or active cooling systems can be provided to avoid the negative effect of temperature. This paper presents a prototype of an active cooling system dedicated to photovoltaics. The prototype of such a system was developed at the AGH University of Kraków and tested under laboratory conditions. The proposed system is equipped with air fans mounted on a plate connected to the rear part of a 70 Wp photovoltaic panel. Different configurations of the system were tested, including different numbers of fans and different locations of the fans. The artificial light source generated a irradiation value of 770 W/m 2 . This value was present for every variant tested in the experiment. As observed, the maximum power generated in the photovoltaic panel under laboratory conditions was approx. 47.31 W. Due to the temperature increase, this power was reduced to 40.09 W (when the temperature of the uncooled panel surface reached 60 °C). On the other hand, the power generated in the photovoltaic panel equipped with the developed cooling system was approx. 44.37 W in the same conditions (i.e., it was higher by 10.7% compared to that of the uncooled one). A mathematical model was developed based on the results obtained, and simulations were carried out using the ANSYS Workbench software. After the validation procedure, several configurations of the air cooling system were developed and analyzed. The most prominent case was chosen for additional parametrical analysis. The optimum fan orientation was recognized: a vertical tilt of 7° and a horizontal tilt of 10°. For the tested module, this modification resulted in a cost-effective system (a net power increase of ~3.1%).

Suggested Citation

  • Maksymilian Homa & Krzysztof Sornek & Wojciech Goryl, 2024. "Experimental and Numerical Study on Air Cooling System Dedicated to Photovoltaic Panels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-21, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:16:p:3949-:d:1453099
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Al-Amri, Fahad & Saeed, Farooq & Mujeebu, Muhammad Abdul, 2022. "Novel dual-function racking structure for passive cooling of solar PV panels –thermal performance analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 100-113.
    2. Zhang, Heng & Yue, Han & Huang, Jiguang & Liang, Kai & Chen, Haiping, 2021. "Experimental studies on a low concentrating photovoltaic/thermal (LCPV/T) collector with a thermoelectric generator (TEG) module," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 1026-1040.
    3. Duan, Juan, 2021. "The PCM-porous system used to cool the inclined PV panel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 1315-1332.
    4. Deng, Xu & Lv, Tao & Meng, Xiangyun & Li, Cong & Hou, Xiaoran & Xu, Jie & Wang, Yinhao & Liu, Feng, 2024. "Assessing the carbon emission reduction effect of flexibility option for integrating variable renewable energy," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Wojciech Goryl, 2025. "Real-World Performance and Economic Evaluation of a Residential PV Battery Energy Storage System Under Variable Tariffs: A Polish Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-27, August.
    2. Nandurkar, Yogesh & Shrivastava, R.L. & Soni, Vinod Kumar & Giri, Jayant & Sunheriya, Neeraj & Mahatme, Chetan & Chadge, Rajkumar & Shrivastava, Kshitij, 2025. "Performance analysis of MJT cell in summer and winter season under upgraded and standard operating conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    3. Valeriu-Sebastian Hudișteanu & Nelu-Cristian Cherecheș & Florin-Emilian Țurcanu & Iuliana Hudișteanu & Claudiu Romila, 2024. "Impact of Temperature on the Efficiency of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Panels: A Comprehensive Experimental Analysis for Sustainable Energy Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-20, December.

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