IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i22p7648-d1282919.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analysis of Tariffs and the Impact on Voltage Variations in Low-Voltage Grids with Smart Charging and Renewable Energy

Author

Listed:
  • Daniel Jung

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Linköping University, SE 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Christofer Sundström

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Linköping University, SE 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

The rapid increase in electric vehicles (EVs) and installed photovoltaic systems (PV) has resulted in new challenges for electric systems, e.g., voltage variations in low-voltage grids. Grid owners cannot directly control the power consumption of the end consumers. However, by the design of transparent tariffs, economic incentives are introduced for the end consumers to adjust their EV charging patterns. In this work, the main objective is to design a time-of-use pricing tariff to reduce the voltage variations in a low-voltage grid when introducing PVs and EVs with smart charging. Data from an existing low-voltage grid and hourly data from household power consumption, together with models of PV and EV charging, are used to simulate the voltage fluctuations based on the modified electric consumption. The results show that a time-of-use pricing tariff taking into consideration maximum peak power is important to reduce grid voltage variations. Another observation is that the use of economic incentives, such as subsidies when selling power from the household, combined with V2G technology can be economical for households but increases the voltage variations in the grid.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Jung & Christofer Sundström, 2023. "Analysis of Tariffs and the Impact on Voltage Variations in Low-Voltage Grids with Smart Charging and Renewable Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-18, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:22:p:7648-:d:1282919
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/22/7648/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/22/7648/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hoarau, Quentin & Perez, Yannick, 2019. "Network tariff design with prosumers and electromobility: Who wins, who loses?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 26-39.
    2. Babacan, Oytun & Ratnam, Elizabeth L. & Disfani, Vahid R. & Kleissl, Jan, 2017. "Distributed energy storage system scheduling considering tariff structure, energy arbitrage and solar PV penetration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1384-1393.
    3. Hennig, Roman J. & Ribó-Pérez, David & de Vries, Laurens J. & Tindemans, Simon H., 2022. "What is a good distribution network tariff?—Developing indicators for performance assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Morell-Dameto, Nicolás & Chaves-Ávila, José Pablo & Gómez San Román, Tomás & Schittekatte, Tim, 2023. "Forward-looking dynamic network charges for real-world electricity systems: A Slovenian case study," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    2. Vaughan, Jim & Doumen, Sjoerd C. & Kok, Koen, 2023. "Empowering tomorrow, controlling today: A multi-criteria assessment of distribution grid tariff designs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 341(C).
    3. Heider, Anya & Huber, Jill & Farhat, Yamshid & Hertig, Yves & Hug, Gabriela, 2024. "How to choose a suitable network tariff? - Evaluating network tariffs under increasing integration of distributed energy resources," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    4. Yamamoto, Yoshihiro, 2021. "A bidirectional payment system for mitigating the supply–demand imbalance among prosumers based on the core of coalitional game theory under the enhanced use of renewable energy," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    5. Lyu, Yuan & He, Yongxiu & Zhou, Jinghan & Xie, Yuxin, 2023. "Prosumer standby fee design: Solving the inequity problem of China's county-wide photovoltaic project promotion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 309-320.
    6. Nouicer, Athir & Meeus, Leonardo & Delarue, Erik, 2023. "Demand-side flexibility in distribution grids: Voluntary versus mandatory contracting," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    7. Ahsan, Syed M. & Khan, Hassan A. & Hassan, Naveed-ul & Arif, Syed M. & Lie, Tek-Tjing, 2020. "Optimized power dispatch for solar photovoltaic-storage system with multiple buildings in bilateral contracts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    8. Beuse, Martin & Dirksmeier, Mathias & Steffen, Bjarne & Schmidt, Tobias S., 2020. "Profitability of commercial and industrial photovoltaics and battery projects in South-East-Asia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    9. Arlt, Marie-Louise & Astier, Nicolas, 2023. "Do retail businesses have efficient incentives to invest in public charging stations for electric vehicles?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    10. Woo, JongRoul & Moon, Sungho & Choi, Hyunhong, 2022. "Economic value and acceptability of advanced solar power systems for multi-unit residential buildings: The case of South Korea," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    11. Shen Wang & Guohe Huang & Yurui Fan, 2018. "A Multistage Distribution-Generation Planning Model for Clean Power Generation under Multiple Uncertainties—A Case Study of Urumqi, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-30, September.
    12. Schwab, Julia & Sölch, Christian & Zöttl, Gregor, 2022. "Electric Vehicle Cost in 2035: The impact of market penetration and charging strategies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    13. Matthew Gough & Sérgio F. Santos & Mohammed Javadi & Rui Castro & João P. S. Catalão, 2020. "Prosumer Flexibility: A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art Review and Scientometric Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-32, May.
    14. Hennig, Roman J. & de Vries, Laurens J. & Tindemans, Simon H., 2024. "Risk vs. restriction—An investigation of capacity-limitation based congestion management in electric distribution grids," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    15. Freitas Gomes, Icaro Silvestre & Perez, Yannick & Suomalainen, Emilia, 2020. "Coupling small batteries and PV generation: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    16. Hennig, Roman J. & Ribó-Pérez, David & de Vries, Laurens J. & Tindemans, Simon H., 2022. "What is a good distribution network tariff?—Developing indicators for performance assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    17. Stute, Judith & Klobasa, Marian, 2024. "How do dynamic electricity tariffs and different grid charge designs interact? - Implications for residential consumers and grid reinforcement requirements," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    18. Khan, Hafiz Anwar Ullah & Ünel, Burçin & Dvorkin, Yury, 2023. "Electricity Tariff Design via Lens of Energy Justice," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    19. Lyu, Yuan & He, Yongxiu & Li, Shanzi & Zhou, Jinghan & Tian, BingYing, 2024. "Channeling approach of prosumer connection costs considering regional differences in China — Evolutionary game among distributed photovoltaic entities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    20. Icaro Silvestre Freitas Gomes & Adam F. Abdin & Jakob Puchinger & Yannick Perez, 2024. "Unlocking Flexible Electric Vehicle Charging via New Rate Design," The Energy Journal, , vol. 45(3), pages 231-272, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:22:p:7648-:d:1282919. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.