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Demand Response with Electrical Heating in Detached Houses in Finland and Comparison with BESS for Increasing PV Self-Consumption

Author

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  • Juha Koskela

    (Unit of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 7, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland)

  • Pertti Järventausta

    (Unit of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 7, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland)

Abstract

Distributed electric power production by small-scale customers is increasing continuously. Photovoltaic production is a popular method of producing self-energy for customers. Additionally, power systems require more flexibility when weather-dependent renewable energy production increases. Small-scale customers can increase the self-consumption of self-produced energy by using batteries or a demand response operation. However, batteries require high investment, and demand response operations induce a loss of comfort. Customers who heat their buildings using electric heaters are a good target for demand response operations because their heating can be controlled with limited changes in the indoor temperature. The demand response potential of a building can be defined by simply using customer load profiles and knowledge of the outdoor temperature. Any other information is not required in the proposed novel method. A tolerable variation in indoor temperature corresponds to considerably smaller battery capacity, though it is still a significant amount. With an optimally sized photovoltaic system, it is possible to use both methods simultaneously to increase self-consumption. Maximal benefits can be attained from both methods if the battery system is used as a primary control and the demand response is used as a secondary control. The defined novel method for determining the demand response potential of small-scale customers can also be used when estimating the flexibility of a large customer group. Small-scale customers together can provide significant flexible capacity when their electrical heating is centrally controlled.

Suggested Citation

  • Juha Koskela & Pertti Järventausta, 2023. "Demand Response with Electrical Heating in Detached Houses in Finland and Comparison with BESS for Increasing PV Self-Consumption," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-25, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:1:p:497-:d:1022803
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