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SMES-GCSC Coordination for Frequency and Voltage Regulation in a Multi-Area and Multi-Source Power System with Penetration of Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy Sources

Author

Listed:
  • Hiramani Shukla

    (Electrical Engineering Department, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal, Bhopal 462003, India)

  • Srete Nikolovski

    (Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, K. Trpimira 2B, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia)

  • More Raju

    (Electrical Engineering Department, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal, Bhopal 462003, India)

  • Ankur Singh Rana

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India)

  • Pawan Kumar

    (Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India)

Abstract

Frequency, tie-line power, and the terminal voltages of synchronized generators must all be kept within prescribed limits to ensure the stability of an interconnected power grid through combined automatic generation control (AGC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) loops. Thermal power plants, electric vehicles, and renewable energy sources—including solar and wind, geothermal, and solar thermal power plants—form the two-area integrated power system in present research. A new cascade controller named the cascaded proportional integral derivative (PID) and fractional-order PID (CPID-FOPID) controller is proposed for the first time, whose performance is compared with the PID and FOPID controller. The results show that the proposed cascade controller outperforms PID and FOPID in delivering superior dynamic characteristics, including short settling times and low oscillation amplitudes. A new metaheuristic algorithm named the coot algorithm was applied to optimize the parameters of these controllers. The suggested controller outperforms FOPID in the combined AGC and AVR problem under uncertain conditions (random load disturbance, variable input of solar irradiation, and wind power). Robustness of the controller is tested with significant variation in the turbine time constant of the thermal and geothermal power plant. In this study, authors also investigated the best possible coordination between the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and gate-controlled series capacitor (GCSC) devices to control both voltage and frequency simultaneously. The effect of communication time to the power system is analyzed in this study. Additionally, the obtained results are satisfactorily validated using OPAL-RT real-time digital simulator.

Suggested Citation

  • Hiramani Shukla & Srete Nikolovski & More Raju & Ankur Singh Rana & Pawan Kumar, 2022. "SMES-GCSC Coordination for Frequency and Voltage Regulation in a Multi-Area and Multi-Source Power System with Penetration of Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-27, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2022:i:1:p:251-:d:1015478
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hiramani Shukla & Srete Nikolovski & More Raju & Ankur Singh Rana & Pawan Kumar, 2022. "A Particle Swarm Optimization Technique Tuned TID Controller for Frequency and Voltage Regulation with Penetration of Electric Vehicles and Distributed Generations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-32, November.
    2. Ming Li & Wenqiang Du & Fuzhong Nian, 2014. "An Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Directed Weighted Complex Network," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2014, pages 1-7, April.
    3. CH. Naga Sai Kalyan & B. Srikanth Goud & Ch. Rami Reddy & Mohit Bajaj & Naveen Kumar Sharma & Hassan Haes Alhelou & Pierluigi Siano & Salah Kamel, 2022. "Comparative Performance Assessment of Different Energy Storage Devices in Combined LFC and AVR Analysis of Multi-Area Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-22, January.
    4. Ramana Pilla & Ahmad Taher Azar & Tulasichandra Sekhar Gorripotu, 2019. "Impact of Flexible AC Transmission System Devices on Automatic Generation Control with a Metaheuristic Based Fuzzy PID Controller," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-19, November.
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