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Significance of SMES Devices for Power System Frequency Regulation Scheme considering Distributed Energy Resources in a Deregulated Environment

Author

Listed:
  • Dillip Kumar Mishra

    (School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia)

  • Daria Złotecka

    (Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3A, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Li Li

    (School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia)

Abstract

Nowadays, the restructuring of power systems is extremely urgent due to the depletion of fossil fuels on the one hand and the environmental impact on the other. In the restructured environment, the incorporation of renewable energy sources and storage devices is key as they have helped achieve a milestone in the form of microgrid technology. As the restructuring of the power system increases, there are several types of generation sources, and distribution companies express their interest in trading in a deregulated environment to operate economically. When considering the power system deregulation, the contract value deviates in some situations, resulting in an imbalance between the generation and the energy consumption, which can bring the system into a power outage condition. In particular, load frequency control has been a great challenge over the past few decades to ensure the stable operation of power systems. This study considers two generation sources: mini-hydro in GENCO-1 and 3 and microgrid (combination of wind, fuel cell, battery storage, and diesel engine) in GENCO-2 and 4. It is two equal-area networks; in area-1, GENCO-1 and 2, and in area-2, GENCO-3 and 4 are considered, respectively. In addition, a FOPID controller and two ancillary devices, such as a unified power flow controller and a superconducting magnetic energy storage system, have been incorporated. Three different test networks have been formed according to the contract value, such as unilateral, bilateral, and agreement violations. The simulation results show that ancillary devices and controller participation significantly enhance the system response by reducing the frequency and tie-line power fluctuation. To validate the efficacy of the proposed method, respective performance indices and percentages of improvement have been obtained. Finally, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed restructured power system in a deregulated environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Dillip Kumar Mishra & Daria Złotecka & Li Li, 2022. "Significance of SMES Devices for Power System Frequency Regulation Scheme considering Distributed Energy Resources in a Deregulated Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-32, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:5:p:1766-:d:760010
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Md. Shafiul Alam & Tanzi Ahmed Chowdhury & Abhishak Dhar & Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail & M. S. H. Choudhury & Md Shafiullah & Md. Ismail Hossain & Md. Alamgir Hossain & Aasim Ullah & Syed Masiur Rahman, 2023. "Solar and Wind Energy Integrated System Frequency Control: A Critical Review on Recent Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-31, January.
    2. Hiramani Shukla & Srete Nikolovski & More Raju & Ankur Singh Rana & Pawan Kumar, 2022. "A Particle Swarm Optimization Technique Tuned TID Controller for Frequency and Voltage Regulation with Penetration of Electric Vehicles and Distributed Generations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-32, November.
    3. Elena Sosnina & Andrey Dar’enkov & Andrey Kurkin & Ivan Lipuzhin & Andrey Mamonov, 2022. "Review of Efficiency Improvement Technologies of Wind Diesel Hybrid Systems for Decreasing Fuel Consumption," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-38, December.
    4. Xiaohong Dong & Yang Ma & Xiaodan Yu & Xiangyu Wei & Yanqi Ren & Xin Zhang, 2023. "Secondary Frequency Regulation Control Strategy with Electric Vehicles Considering User Travel Uncertainty," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-18, April.

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