IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i24p9529-d1004750.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Underwater Wireless Charging System of Unmanned Surface Vehicles with High Power, Large Misalignment Tolerance and Light Weight: Analysis, Design and Optimization

Author

Listed:
  • Songyan Niu

    (Southern University of Science and Technology Jiaxing Research Institute, Jiaxing 314000, China
    Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
    Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China)

  • Qingyu Zhao

    (Southern University of Science and Technology Jiaxing Research Institute, Jiaxing 314000, China
    Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China)

  • Haibiao Chen

    (Southern University of Science and Technology Jiaxing Research Institute, Jiaxing 314000, China
    Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China)

  • Hang Yu

    (Southern University of Science and Technology Jiaxing Research Institute, Jiaxing 314000, China)

  • Shuangxia Niu

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China)

  • Linni Jian

    (Southern University of Science and Technology Jiaxing Research Institute, Jiaxing 314000, China
    Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China)

Abstract

Wireless charging systems (WCSs) are considered very appropriate to recharge underwater surface vehicles (USVs) due to their safe, flexible, and cost-effective characteristics. The small depth of immersion of USVs allows a WCS operated at an mm-level distance using a dock. Resultant tight coupling between the transmitter and receiver is conducive to high power, yet faces a challenge to alleviating misalignment sensitivity. In addition, considering USVs’ endurance, the weight of a WCS should be strictly limited. In this paper, a 6.0 kW underwater WCS is analyzed, designed, and optimized, which achieves a good balance of power capacity, misalignment tolerance, and onboard weight. A multi-receiving-coil structure is employed, which is crucial to large misalignment tolerance. On this basis, two types of coils adapting the hull shape of USV, viz., curved and quasi-curved coils, are devised and compared in case the hydrodynamic performance of USV is degraded. Finally, the weight of receiver is effectively reduced using bar-shaped ferrite without sacrificing the power capacity of WCSs. The results indicate a merely 8.73% drop in coupling coefficient with misalignment ranging from 0 to 100 mm. Moreover, ferrite use is reduced by 40.48 kg compared to a ferrite sheet, which accounts for 50.28% weight of the receiver.

Suggested Citation

  • Songyan Niu & Qingyu Zhao & Haibiao Chen & Hang Yu & Shuangxia Niu & Linni Jian, 2022. "Underwater Wireless Charging System of Unmanned Surface Vehicles with High Power, Large Misalignment Tolerance and Light Weight: Analysis, Design and Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-19, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:24:p:9529-:d:1004750
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/24/9529/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/24/9529/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Niu, Songyan & Yu, Hang & Niu, Shuangxia & Jian, Linni, 2020. "Power loss analysis and thermal assessment on wireless electric vehicle charging technology: The over-temperature risk of ground assembly needs attention," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    2. Bi, Zicheng & Kan, Tianze & Mi, Chunting Chris & Zhang, Yiming & Zhao, Zhengming & Keoleian, Gregory A., 2016. "A review of wireless power transfer for electric vehicles: Prospects to enhance sustainable mobility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 413-425.
    3. Jeong-Sang Yoo & Yong-Man Gil & Tae-Young Ahn, 2022. "Steady-State Analysis and Optimal Design of an LLC Resonant Converter Considering Internal Loss Resistance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-19, November.
    4. Niu, Songyan & Xu, Haiqi & Sun, Zhirui & Shao, Z.Y. & Jian, Linni, 2019. "The state-of-the-arts of wireless electric vehicle charging via magnetic resonance: principles, standards and core technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Mariusz Specht & Andrzej Stateczny & Cezary Specht & Szymon Widźgowski & Oktawia Lewicka & Marta Wiśniewska, 2021. "Concept of an Innovative Autonomous Unmanned System for Bathymetric Monitoring of Shallow Waterbodies (INNOBAT System)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-18, August.
    6. Łukasz Marchel & Cezary Specht & Mariusz Specht, 2020. "Assessment of the Steering Precision of a Hydrographic USV along Sounding Profiles Using a High-Precision GNSS RTK Receiver Supported Autopilot," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-19, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kai Song & Yu Lan & Xian Zhang & Jinhai Jiang & Chuanyu Sun & Guang Yang & Fengshuo Yang & Hao Lan, 2023. "A Review on Interoperability of Wireless Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-22, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Youssef Amry & Elhoussin Elbouchikhi & Franck Le Gall & Mounir Ghogho & Soumia El Hani, 2022. "Electric Vehicle Traction Drives and Charging Station Power Electronics: Current Status and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-30, August.
    2. Soares, Laura & Wang, Hao, 2022. "A study on renewed perspectives of electrified road for wireless power transfer of electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    3. Lazzeroni, Paolo & Cirimele, Vincenzo & Canova, Aldo, 2021. "Economic and environmental sustainability of Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer for electric vehicles supporting reduction of local air pollutant emissions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    4. Niu, Songyan & Yu, Hang & Niu, Shuangxia & Jian, Linni, 2020. "Power loss analysis and thermal assessment on wireless electric vehicle charging technology: The over-temperature risk of ground assembly needs attention," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    5. Stefan Helber & Justine Broihan & Young Jae Jang & Peter Hecker & Thomas Feuerle, 2018. "Location Planning for Dynamic Wireless Charging Systems for Electric Airport Passenger Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, January.
    6. Niu, Songyan & Xu, Haiqi & Sun, Zhirui & Shao, Z.Y. & Jian, Linni, 2019. "The state-of-the-arts of wireless electric vehicle charging via magnetic resonance: principles, standards and core technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    7. Das, H.S. & Rahman, M.M. & Li, S. & Tan, C.W., 2020. "Electric vehicles standards, charging infrastructure, and impact on grid integration: A technological review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    8. Jianfeng Hong & Mingjie Guan & Zaifa Lin & Qiu Fang & Wei Wu & Wenxiang Chen, 2019. "Series-Series/Series Compensated Inductive Power Transmission System with Symmetrical Half-Bridge Resonant Converter: Design, Analysis, and Experimental Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-17, June.
    9. Han, Zhongliang & Xu, Nan & Chen, Hong & Huang, Yanjun & Zhao, Bin, 2018. "Energy-efficient control of electric vehicles based on linear quadratic regulator and phase plane analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 639-657.
    10. Hannan, M.A. & Lipu, M.S.H. & Hussain, A. & Mohamed, A., 2017. "A review of lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation and management system in electric vehicle applications: Challenges and recommendations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 834-854.
    11. Xiang Zhang & David Rey & S. Travis Waller & Nathan Chen, 2019. "Range-Constrained Traffic Assignment with Multi-Modal Recharge for Electric Vehicles," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 633-668, June.
    12. Pradeep Vishnuram & Suresh Panchanathan & Narayanamoorthi Rajamanickam & Vijayakumar Krishnasamy & Mohit Bajaj & Marian Piecha & Vojtech Blazek & Lukas Prokop, 2023. "Review of Wireless Charging System: Magnetic Materials, Coil Configurations, Challenges, and Future Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-31, May.
    13. Massimo Ceraolo & Valentina Consolo & Mauro Di Monaco & Giovanni Lutzemberger & Antonino Musolino & Rocco Rizzo & Giuseppe Tomasso, 2021. "Design and Realization of an Inductive Power Transfer for Shuttles in Automated Warehouses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-20, September.
    14. Jeong-Sang Yoo & Yong-Man Gil & Tae-Young Ahn, 2022. "High-Power-Density DC–DC Converter Using a Fixed-Type Wireless Power Transmission Transformer with Ceramic Insulation Layer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-19, November.
    15. Andrzej Stateczny & Cezary Specht & Mariusz Specht & David Brčić & Alen Jugović & Szymon Widźgowski & Marta Wiśniewska & Oktawia Lewicka, 2021. "Study on the Positioning Accuracy of GNSS/INS Systems Supported by DGPS and RTK Receivers for Hydrographic Surveys," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-19, November.
    16. Geetha Palani & Usha Sengamalai & Pradeep Vishnuram & Benedetto Nastasi, 2023. "Challenges and Barriers of Wireless Charging Technologies for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-47, February.
    17. Benitto Albert Rayan & Umashankar Subramaniam & S. Balamurugan, 2023. "Wireless Power Transfer in Electric Vehicles: A Review on Compensation Topologies, Coil Structures, and Safety Aspects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-46, March.
    18. Tan, Zhen & Liu, Fan & Chan, Hing Kai & Gao, H. Oliver, 2022. "Transportation systems management considering dynamic wireless charging electric vehicles: Review and prospects," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    19. Liu, Zhaocai & Wang, Qichao & Sigler, Devon & Kotz, Andrew & Kelly, Kenneth J. & Lunacek, Monte & Phillips, Caleb & Garikapati, Venu, 2023. "Data-driven simulation-based planning for electric airport shuttle systems: A real-world case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    20. Tan, Kang Miao & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. & Yong, Jia Ying & Tariq, Mohd, 2021. "Experimental verification of a flexible vehicle-to-grid charger for power grid load variance reduction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:24:p:9529-:d:1004750. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.