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R&D Human Capital, Renewable Energy and CO 2 Emissions: Evidence from 26 Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Grzegorz Mentel

    (Department of Quantitative Methods, The Faculty of Management, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Waldemar Tarczyński

    (Department of Sustainable Finance and Capital Markets, Institute of Economics and Finance, University of Szczecin, 71-101 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Hossein Azadi

    (Department of Economics and Rural Development, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
    Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
    Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Kalandar Abdurakmanov

    (Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent 100066, Uzbekistan)

  • Elina Zakirova

    (Institute of Additional Education, Ural State University of Economics, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia)

  • Raufhon Salahodjaev

    (Center for Research in Social Sciences, AKFA University, Tashkent 111221, Uzbekistan
    Department of Research, ERGO Analytics, Tashkent 100022, Uzbekistan
    Department of Mathematical Method in Economics, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent 100022, Uzbekistan)

Abstract

This study examines the long-term relationship between carbon emissions and a number of researchers engaged in Research and Development (R&D), economic development, foreign capital inflows, renewable energy and population growth in 26 countries between 1995 and 2015. Pedroni’s panel cointegration test confirms the cointegrating relationship between the variables. Long-term elasticities are derived from FMOLS regression. Researchers in R&D and renewable energy are negatively and significantly related to carbon emissions. There is a positive and significant long-term relationship between GDPs per capita and CO 2 and between the FDI and CO 2 . Dumitrescu and Hurlin’s panel causality test revealed unidirectional causality running from economic development to carbon emissions and feedback hypotheses between the FDI and CO 2 and between renewable energy and CO 2 .

Suggested Citation

  • Grzegorz Mentel & Waldemar Tarczyński & Hossein Azadi & Kalandar Abdurakmanov & Elina Zakirova & Raufhon Salahodjaev, 2022. "R&D Human Capital, Renewable Energy and CO 2 Emissions: Evidence from 26 Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:23:p:9205-:d:993624
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Qi Xu & Salim Khan, 2023. "How Do R&D and Renewable Energy Consumption Lead to Carbon Neutrality? Evidence from G-7 Economies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-15, March.

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