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Grid Support with Wind Turbines: The Case of the 2019 Blackout in Flensburg

Author

Listed:
  • Arne Gloe

    (Wind Energy Technology Institute, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Germany)

  • Clemens Jauch

    (Wind Energy Technology Institute, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Germany)

  • Thomas Räther

    (Stadtwerke Flensburg GmbH, Grids, 24939 Flensburg, Germany)

Abstract

The work presented in this paper aims to show how modern wind turbines can help to control the frequency in a small grid which suffers from large power imbalances. It is shown for an exemplary situation, which occurred in Flensburg’s distribution grid in 2019: a major blackout, which occurred after almost two hours in islanding operation, affecting almost the entire distribution grid, which supplies approximately 55,000 households and businesses. For the analysis, a wind turbine model and a grid support controller developed at the Wind Energy Technology Institute are combined with real measurements from the day of the blackout to generate a fictional yet realistic case study for such an islanding situation. For this case study, it is assumed that wind turbines with grid support functionalities are connected to the medium voltage distribution grid of the city. It is shown to what extent wind turbines can help to operate the grid by providing grid frequency support in two ways: By supplying synthetic inertia only, where the wind turbines can help to limit the rate of change of frequency in the islanded grid directly after losing the connection to the central European grid. In combination with the primary frequency control capabilities of the wind turbines (WTs), the disconnection of one gen set in the local power station might have been avoided. Furthermore, wind turbines with primary frequency control capabilities could have restored the grid frequency to 50 Hz shortly after the islanding situation even if the aforementioned gen-set was lost. This would have allowed connecting a backup medium voltage line to the central European grid and thereby avoiding the blackout.

Suggested Citation

  • Arne Gloe & Clemens Jauch & Thomas Räther, 2021. "Grid Support with Wind Turbines: The Case of the 2019 Blackout in Flensburg," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:6:p:1697-:d:519861
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Clemens Jauch & Arne Gloe & Sebastian Hippel & Henning Thiesen, 2017. "Increased Wind Energy Yield and Grid Utilisation with Continuous Feed-In Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-23, June.
    2. Díaz-González, Francisco & Hau, Melanie & Sumper, Andreas & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, 2014. "Participation of wind power plants in system frequency control: Review of grid code requirements and control methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 551-564.
    3. Fernández-Guillamón, Ana & Gómez-Lázaro, Emilio & Muljadi, Eduard & Molina-García, Ángel, 2019. "Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    4. Clemens Jauch & Arne Gloe, 2019. "Simultaneous Inertia Contribution and Optimal Grid Utilization with Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-21, August.
    5. Henning Thiesen & Clemens Jauch, 2020. "Determining the Load Inertia Contribution from Different Power Consumer Groups," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-14, April.
    6. Tielens, Pieter & Van Hertem, Dirk, 2016. "The relevance of inertia in power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 999-1009.
    7. Piotr F. Borowski, 2020. "Zonal and Nodal Models of Energy Market in European Union," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-21, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dillan Kyle Ockhuis & Maarten Kamper, 2021. "Potential of Slip Synchronous Wind Turbine Systems: Grid Support and Mechanical Load Mitigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-15, August.
    2. Arne Gloe & Clemens Jauch & Bogdan Craciun & Arvid Zanter & Jörg Winkelmann, 2021. "Influence of Continuous Provision of Synthetic Inertia on the Mechanical Loads of a Wind Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-23, August.
    3. Alexander Rohr & Clemens Jauch, 2021. "Software-in-the-Loop Simulation of a Gas-Engine for the Design and Testing of a Wind Turbine Emulator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-20, May.
    4. Pablo Fernández-Bustamante & Oscar Barambones & Isidro Calvo & Cristian Napole & Mohamed Derbeli, 2021. "Provision of Frequency Response from Wind Farms: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-24, October.

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