IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i5p1456-d512212.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analysis and Simulations of the Primary Frequency Control during a System Split in Continental Europe Power System

Author

Listed:
  • Mariano G. Ippolito

    (Engineering Department, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Rossano Musca

    (Engineering Department, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Gaetano Zizzo

    (Engineering Department, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

Abstract

The occurrence of system separations in the power system of Continental Europe has been observed in recent decades as a critical event which might cause power imbalances higher than the reference incident specified per system design, representing an actual challenge for the stability and safe operation of the system. This work presents an analysis and simulations of the primary frequency control in the Continental Europe synchronous area in conditions of system separation. The adopted approach is based on fundamental aspects of the frequency-containment reserve process. The analysis takes an actual event into consideration, which determined the separation of the system in January 2021. The main purpose of the work is the development of specific models and simulations able to reproduce the actual split event. Due to specific arrangements discussed in detail, it is possible to obtain a substantial match between the simulations and the frequencies registered after the system split. The work also provides insight into the importance of the temporal sequence of power imbalances and defensive actions in the primary frequency control process. The models developed in the work are finally used to investigate the separation event under different operating conditions, such as missing defensive actions and low inertia scenarios.

Suggested Citation

  • Mariano G. Ippolito & Rossano Musca & Gaetano Zizzo, 2021. "Analysis and Simulations of the Primary Frequency Control during a System Split in Continental Europe Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-22, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:5:p:1456-:d:512212
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/5/1456/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/5/1456/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kaushik Das & Müfit Altin & Anca D. Hansen & Poul E. Sørensen, 2019. "Inertia Dependent Droop Based Frequency Containment Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-20, April.
    2. Ujjwal Datta & Akhtar Kalam & Juan Shi, 2020. "Battery Energy Storage System for Aggregated Inertia-Droop Control and a Novel Frequency Dependent State-of-Charge Recovery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-18, April.
    3. Roberto Benato & Gianluca Bruno & Francesco Palone & Rosario M. Polito & Massimo Rebolini, 2017. "Large-Scale Electrochemical Energy Storage in High Voltage Grids: Overview of the Italian Experience," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-17, January.
    4. Tielens, Pieter & Van Hertem, Dirk, 2016. "The relevance of inertia in power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 999-1009.
    5. Mauro Andriollo & Roberto Benato & Michele Bressan & Sebastian Dambone Sessa & Francesco Palone & Rosario Maria Polito, 2015. "Review of Power Conversion and Conditioning Systems for Stationary Electrochemical Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-16, January.
    6. Yongbin Wu & Donghui Zhang & Liansong Xiong & Sue Wang & Zhao Xu & Yi Zhang, 2019. "Modeling and Mechanism Investigation of Inertia and Damping Issues for Grid-Tied PV Generation Systems with Droop Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-17, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Josip Tosic & Srdjan Skok & Ljupko Teklic & Mislav Balkovic, 2022. "Resilience Neural-Network-Based Methodology Applied on Optimized Transmission Systems Restoration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Filippo Bovera & Giuliano Rancilio & Davide Falabretti & Marco Merlo, 2021. "Data-Driven Evaluation of Secondary- and Tertiary-Reserve Needs with High Renewables Penetration: The Italian Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-24, April.
    3. Rossano Musca & Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt & Cesar A. Gallego Sánchez, 2022. "Power System Oscillations with Different Prevalence of Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-19, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fauzan Hanif Jufri & Jaesung Jung & Budi Sudiarto & Iwa Garniwa, 2023. "Development of Virtual Inertia Control with State-of-Charge Recovery Strategy Using Coordinated Secondary Frequency Control for Optimized Battery Capacity in Isolated Low Inertia Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-22, July.
    2. Roberto Benato & Sebastian Dambone Sessa & Maura Musio & Francesco Palone & Rosario Maria Polito, 2018. "Italian Experience on Electrical Storage Ageing for Primary Frequency Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-12, August.
    3. Cabrera-Tobar, Ana & Bullich-Massagué, Eduard & Aragüés-Peñalba, Mònica & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, 2016. "Review of advanced grid requirements for the integration of large scale photovoltaic power plants in the transmission system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 971-987.
    4. Pablo González-Inostroza & Claudia Rahmann & Ricardo Álvarez & Jannik Haas & Wolfgang Nowak & Christian Rehtanz, 2021. "The Role of Fast Frequency Response of Energy Storage Systems and Renewables for Ensuring Frequency Stability in Future Low-Inertia Power Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-16, May.
    5. Bogdanov, Dmitrii & Toktarova, Alla & Breyer, Christian, 2019. "Transition towards 100% renewable power and heat supply for energy intensive economies and severe continental climate conditions: Case for Kazakhstan," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    6. Sara Bellocchi & Michele Manno & Michel Noussan & Michela Vellini, 2019. "Impact of Grid-Scale Electricity Storage and Electric Vehicles on Renewable Energy Penetration: A Case Study for Italy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-32, April.
    7. Fernández-Guillamón, Ana & Gómez-Lázaro, Emilio & Muljadi, Eduard & Molina-García, Ángel, 2019. "Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    8. Abhimanyu Kaushal & Dirk Van Hertem, 2019. "An Overview of Ancillary Services and HVDC Systems in European Context," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-20, September.
    9. Eleftherios Vlahakis & Leonidas Dritsas & George Halikias, 2019. "Distributed LQR Design for a Class of Large-Scale Multi-Area Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-28, July.
    10. Florian Errigo & Leandro De Oliveira Porto & Florent Morel, 2022. "Design Methodology Based on Prebuilt Components for Modular Multilevel Converters with Partial Integration of Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-18, July.
    11. Junfeng Qi & Fei Tang & Jiarui Xie & Xinang Li & Xiaoqing Wei & Zhuo Liu, 2022. "Research on Frequency Response Modeling and Frequency Modulation Parameters of the Power System Highly Penetrated by Wind Power," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-19, June.
    12. Yingying Jiang & Xiaolin Chen & Sui Peng & Xiao Du & Dan Xu & Junjie Tang & Wenyuan Li, 2019. "Study on Emergency Load Shedding of Hybrid AC/DC Receiving-End Power Grid with Stochastic, Static Characteristics-Dependent Load Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-20, October.
    13. Fabio Massimo Gatta & Alberto Geri & Regina Lamedica & Stefano Lauria & Marco Maccioni & Francesco Palone & Massimo Rebolini & Alessandro Ruvio, 2016. "Application of a LiFePO 4 Battery Energy Storage System to Primary Frequency Control: Simulations and Experimental Results," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-16, October.
    14. Donghui Zhang & Yongbin Wu & Liansong Xiong & Chengyong Zhao, 2019. "Analysis of Inertia Characteristics of Direct-Drive Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator in Micro-Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-17, August.
    15. Rouzbehi, Kumars & Candela, J. Ignacio & Gharehpetian, Gevork B. & Harnefors, Lennart & Luna, Alvaro & Rodriguez, Pedro, 2017. "Multiterminal DC grids: Operating analogies to AC power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 886-895.
    16. Hirase, Yuko & Abe, Kensho & Sugimoto, Kazushige & Sakimoto, Kenichi & Bevrani, Hassan & Ise, Toshifumi, 2018. "A novel control approach for virtual synchronous generators to suppress frequency and voltage fluctuations in microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 699-710.
    17. Matheus Schramm Dall’Asta & Telles Brunelli Lazzarin, 2023. "Small-Signal Modeling and Stability Analysis of a Grid-Following Inverter with Inertia Emulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-28, August.
    18. Martínez – Lucas, Guillermo & Sarasua, José Ignacio & Fernández – Guillamón, Ana & Molina – García, Ángel, 2021. "Combined hydro-wind frequency control scheme: Modal analysis and isolated power system case example," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 1056-1072.
    19. Lasantha Meegahapola & Alfeu Sguarezi & Jack Stanley Bryant & Mingchen Gu & Eliomar R. Conde D. & Rafael B. A. Cunha, 2020. "Power System Stability with Power-Electronic Converter Interfaced Renewable Power Generation: Present Issues and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-35, July.
    20. Julian Struwe & Holger Wrede & Hendrik Vennegeerts, 2023. "Validation Aspects for Grid-Forming Converters Based on System Characteristics and Inertia Impact," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-25, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:5:p:1456-:d:512212. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.