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Application of a LiFePO 4 Battery Energy Storage System to Primary Frequency Control: Simulations and Experimental Results

Author

Listed:
  • Fabio Massimo Gatta

    (Department of Astronautics, Electric and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00184, Italy)

  • Alberto Geri

    (Department of Astronautics, Electric and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00184, Italy)

  • Regina Lamedica

    (Department of Astronautics, Electric and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00184, Italy)

  • Stefano Lauria

    (Department of Astronautics, Electric and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00184, Italy)

  • Marco Maccioni

    (Department of Astronautics, Electric and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00184, Italy)

  • Francesco Palone

    (Terna S.p.A., Rome 00156, Italy)

  • Massimo Rebolini

    (Terna S.p.A., Rome 00156, Italy)

  • Alessandro Ruvio

    (Department of Astronautics, Electric and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00184, Italy)

Abstract

This paper presents an experimental application of LiFePO 4 battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to primary frequency control, currently being performed by Terna, the Italian transmission system operator (TSO). BESS performance in the primary frequency control role was evaluated by means of a simplified electrical-thermal circuit model, taking into account also the BESS auxiliary consumptions, coupled with a cycle-life model, in order to assess the expected life of the BESS. Numerical simulations have been carried out considering the system response to real frequency measurements taken in Italy, spanning a whole year; a parametric study taking into account different values of governor droop and of BESS charge/discharge rates ( C-rates ) was also performed. Simulations, fully validated by experimental results obtained thus far, evidenced a severe trade-off between expected lifetime and overall efficiency, which significantly restricts the choice of operating parameters for frequency control.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabio Massimo Gatta & Alberto Geri & Regina Lamedica & Stefano Lauria & Marco Maccioni & Francesco Palone & Massimo Rebolini & Alessandro Ruvio, 2016. "Application of a LiFePO 4 Battery Energy Storage System to Primary Frequency Control: Simulations and Experimental Results," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:11:p:887-:d:81712
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Monika Sandelic & Daniel-Ioan Stroe & Florin Iov, 2018. "Battery Storage-Based Frequency Containment Reserves in Large Wind Penetrated Scenarios: A Practical Approach to Sizing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-19, November.
    3. Ana Fernández-Guillamón & Guillermo Martínez-Lucas & Ángel Molina-García & Jose-Ignacio Sarasua, 2020. "Hybrid Wind–PV Frequency Control Strategy under Variable Weather Conditions in Isolated Power Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-25, September.
    4. Timur Yunusov & Maximilian J. Zangs & William Holderbaum, 2017. "Control of Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-5, July.
    5. Engels, Jonas & Claessens, Bert & Deconinck, Geert, 2019. "Techno-economic analysis and optimal control of battery storage for frequency control services, applied to the German market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1036-1049.
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    7. Natascia Andrenacci & Elio Chiodo & Davide Lauria & Fabio Mottola, 2018. "Life Cycle Estimation of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Primary Frequency Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-24, November.
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    10. Sergio Cantillo-Luna & Ricardo Moreno-Chuquen & Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt & Harold R. Chamorro, 2022. "A Type-2 Fuzzy Controller to Enable the EFR Service from a Battery Energy Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-13, March.
    11. Schimpe, Michael & Naumann, Maik & Truong, Nam & Hesse, Holger C. & Santhanagopalan, Shriram & Saxon, Aron & Jossen, Andreas, 2018. "Energy efficiency evaluation of a stationary lithium-ion battery container storage system via electro-thermal modeling and detailed component analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 211-229.
    12. Thiago Pieroni & Daniel Dotta, 2018. "Identification of the Most Effective Point of Connection for Battery Energy Storage Systems Focusing on Power System Frequency Response Improvement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-19, March.
    13. Di Silvestre, Maria Luisa & Favuzza, Salvatore & Riva Sanseverino, Eleonora & Zizzo, Gaetano, 2018. "How Decarbonization, Digitalization and Decentralization are changing key power infrastructures," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 483-498.

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