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Lifetime Limitations in Multi-Service Battery Energy Storage Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Mathilda Ohrelius

    (Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Magnus Berg

    (Vattenfall AB, SE-162 87 Stockholm, Sweden
    Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Rakel Wreland Lindström

    (Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Göran Lindbergh

    (Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden)

Abstract

A reliable power grid system based on renewable energy sources is a crucial step to restrict the climate crisis. Stationary battery energy storage systems (BESS) offer a great potential to repel power fluctuations in the grid at different timescales. However, for a reliable operation and cost estimation, the degradation in the batteries needs to be understood. We present an accelerated battery degradation study, on single as well as multi-service applications, of NCM532/Gr lithium-ion battery cells. Frequency regulation (FR) was the least harmful for the battery, with an expected lifetime of 12 years, while peak shaving (PS) resulted in an expected lifetime of 8 years. The combined cycle (FRPS) accelerated the capacity loss, and degradation of the positive electrode was induced from the start of cycling, causing power limitations after only 870 equivalent full cycles (EFC). Tracking the 1C-rate discharge capacity was proven to be a good indication of the accelerated cell polarization, and it can serve as a useful method to evaluate the internal battery state of health (SOH).

Suggested Citation

  • Mathilda Ohrelius & Magnus Berg & Rakel Wreland Lindström & Göran Lindbergh, 2023. "Lifetime Limitations in Multi-Service Battery Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:7:p:3003-:d:1107088
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. In-Ho Cho & Pyeong-Yeon Lee & Jong-Hoon Kim, 2019. "Analysis of the Effect of the Variable Charging Current Control Method on Cycle Life of Li-ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-11, August.
    2. Fabio Massimo Gatta & Alberto Geri & Regina Lamedica & Stefano Lauria & Marco Maccioni & Francesco Palone & Massimo Rebolini & Alessandro Ruvio, 2016. "Application of a LiFePO 4 Battery Energy Storage System to Primary Frequency Control: Simulations and Experimental Results," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-16, October.
    3. Rahman, Md Mustafizur & Oni, Abayomi Olufemi & Gemechu, Eskinder & Kumar, Amit, 2021. "The development of techno-economic models for the assessment of utility-scale electro-chemical battery storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    4. Waag, Wladislaw & Käbitz, Stefan & Sauer, Dirk Uwe, 2013. "Experimental investigation of the lithium-ion battery impedance characteristic at various conditions and aging states and its influence on the application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 885-897.
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