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Evaluation of Formate Salt PCM’s for Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage

Author

Listed:
  • Samuel Gage

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA)

  • Prashant Sharan

    (Los Alamos National Laboratory, M711, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA)

  • Craig Turchi

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA)

  • Judy Netter

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA)

Abstract

This work examines formate salts as potential phase change materials (PCMs) for middle-high temperature (≤250 °C) latent heat thermal energy storage applications. The thermophysical properties of three formate salts were characterized: pure sodium formate and binary blends of sodium/potassium formate and sodium/calcium formate. The stability of formate PCM’s was evaluated by thermal cycling using differential scanning calorimetry where sodium formate and sodium/potassium formate appeared stable over 600 cycles, while sodium/calcium formate exhibited a monotonic decrease in heat of fusion over the test period. A longer test with sodium formate led to gas release and decomposition of the salt. FTIR analysis of the PCM showed degradation of formate to oxalate. T-history experiments with 50-g PCM quantities demonstrated a bulk supercooling of only 2–3 °C for these salts. Thermal conductivity enhancement of over 700% was achieved by embedding aluminum in the solid PCM. Finally, mild carbon steel was immersed in molten sodium formate for up to 2000 h. Sodium formate was found to be non-corrosive, as calculated by mass loss and confirmed by cross-sectional high-resolution microscopy. FTIR analysis of the PCM after 2000 h shows oxidation at the free surface, while the bulk PCM remained unchanged, further indicating a need to protect the formate from atmospheric exposure when used as a PCM.

Suggested Citation

  • Samuel Gage & Prashant Sharan & Craig Turchi & Judy Netter, 2021. "Evaluation of Formate Salt PCM’s for Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-10, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:3:p:765-:d:491053
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cui, Wenlong & Yuan, Yanping & Sun, Liangliang & Cao, Xiaoling & Yang, Xiaojiao, 2016. "Experimental studies on the supercooling and melting/freezing characteristics of nano-copper/sodium acetate trihydrate composite phase change materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 1029-1037.
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    1. Giovanni Salvatore Sau & Valerio Tripi & Anna Chiara Tizzoni & Raffaele Liberatore & Emiliana Mansi & Annarita Spadoni & Natale Corsaro & Mauro Capocelli & Tiziano Delise & Anna Della Libera, 2021. "High-Temperature Chloride-Carbonate Phase Change Material: Thermal Performances and Modelling of a Packed Bed Storage System for Concentrating Solar Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-17, August.

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