IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i17p5443-d627070.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Simulation Modeling of a Photovoltaic-Green Roof System for Energy Cost Reduction of a Building: Texas Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Sojung Kim

    (Industrial and Systems Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea)

  • Burchan Aydin

    (Engineering and Technology, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, TX 75429, USA)

  • Sumin Kim

    (Department of Environmental Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Korea)

Abstract

This study aims at introducing a modeling and simulation approach for a green roof system which can reduce energy cost of a building exposed to high temperatures throughout the summer season. First, to understand thermal impact of a green roof system on a building surface, a field-based study has been conducted in Commerce, Texas, U.S., where the average maximum temperature in summer is 104 °F (40 °C). Two types of analyses were conducted: (1) comparison of temperature between different plant type via Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and (2) polynomial regression analysis to develop thermal impact estimation model based on air temperature and presence of a green roof. In addition, an agent-based simulation (ABS) model was developed via AnyLogic ® University 8.6.0 simulation software, Chicago, IL, U.S., in order to accurately estimate energy cost and benefits of a building with a photovoltaic-green roof system. The proposed approach was applied to estimate energy reduction cost of the Keith D. McFarland Science Building at Texas A&M University, Commerce, Texas (33.2410° N, 95.9104° W). As a result, the proposed approach was able to save $740,325.44 in energy cost of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HAVC) system in the subject building. The proposed approach will contribute to the implementation of a sustainable building and urban agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Sojung Kim & Burchan Aydin & Sumin Kim, 2021. "Simulation Modeling of a Photovoltaic-Green Roof System for Energy Cost Reduction of a Building: Texas Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:17:p:5443-:d:627070
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/17/5443/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/17/5443/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shafique, Muhammad & Kim, Reeho & Rafiq, Muhammad, 2018. "Green roof benefits, opportunities and challenges – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 757-773.
    2. Nurmi, Väinö & Votsis, Athanasios & Perrels, Adriaan & Lehvävirta, Susanna, 2016. "Green Roof Cost-Benefit Analysis: Special Emphasis on Scenic Benefits," Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7(3), pages 488-522, October.
    3. Chang, Byungik & Starcher, Ken, 2019. "Evaluation of wind and solar energy investments in Texas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 1348-1359.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sojung Kim & Sumin Kim, 2021. "Performance Estimation Modeling via Machine Learning of an Agrophotovoltaic System in South Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-13, October.
    2. Ghasan Alfalah & Abobakr Al-Sakkaf & Eslam Mohammed Abdelkader & Tarek Zayed, 2022. "An Integrated Fuzzy-Based Sustainability Framework for Post-Secondary Educational Buildings: A User-Perspective Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-26, August.
    3. Saranathan Pragati & Radhakrishnan Shanthi Priya & Chandramouli Pradeepa & Ramalingam Senthil, 2023. "Simulation of the Energy Performance of a Building with Green Roofs and Green Walls in a Tropical Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-17, January.
    4. Youngjin Kim & Sojung Kim, 2025. "Economic Analysis of Biofuel Production in Agrophotovoltaic Systems Using Building-Integrated Photovoltaics in South Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-16, April.
    5. Sojung Kim & Sumin Kim, 2023. "Economic Feasibility Comparison between Building-Integrated Photovoltaics and Green Systems in Northeast Texas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-14, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bocanegra, Johan Augusto & Scarpa, Federico & Bianco, Vincenzo & Tagliafico, Luca Antonio, 2024. "Feasibility of green roofs in the mediterranean region: A stochastic study using a Monte-Carlo financial model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    2. Veerkamp, Clara J. & Schipper, Aafke M. & Hedlund, Katarina & Lazarova, Tanya & Nordin, Amanda & Hanson, Helena I., 2021. "A review of studies assessing ecosystem services provided by urban green and blue infrastructure," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    3. Mihalakakou, Giouli & Souliotis, Manolis & Papadaki, Maria & Menounou, Penelope & Dimopoulos, Panayotis & Kolokotsa, Dionysia & Paravantis, John A. & Tsangrassoulis, Aris & Panaras, Giorgos & Giannako, 2023. "Green roofs as a nature-based solution for improving urban sustainability: Progress and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    4. Haris, Muhammad & Hou, Michael Z. & Feng, Wentao & Mehmood, Faisal & Saleem, Ammar bin, 2022. "A regenerative Enhanced Geothermal System for heat and electricity production as well as energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 342-358.
    5. Styliani Karamountzou & Dimitra G. Vagiona, 2023. "Suitability and Sustainability Assessment of Existing Onshore Wind Farms in Greece," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-21, January.
    6. Johnson, Daniel & Geisendorf, Sylvie, 2019. "Are Neighborhood-level SUDS Worth it? An Assessment of the Economic Value of Sustainable Urban Drainage System Scenarios Using Cost-Benefit Analyses," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 194-205.
    7. Noemi Caltabellotta & Felicia Cavaleri & Carlo Greco & Kestutis Navickas & Carlo Scibetta & Laura Giammanco, 2019. "Integration of green roofs&walls in urban areas," RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 0(2 Suppl.), pages 61-78.
    8. Manso, Maria & Teotónio, Inês & Silva, Cristina Matos & Cruz, Carlos Oliveira, 2021. "Green roof and green wall benefits and costs: A review of the quantitative evidence," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    9. Alena Vargova & Sally Köhler & Sarina Hötzel & Bastian Schröter & Zuzana Vranayova & Daniela Kaposztasova, 2023. "Transformation of Urban Spaces: The Impact of Green Roofs in Košice, Slovakia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-15, December.
    10. Liberalesso, Tiago & Oliveira Cruz, Carlos & Matos Silva, Cristina & Manso, Maria, 2020. "Green infrastructure and public policies: An international review of green roofs and green walls incentives," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    11. Gabra, Samuel & Miles, John & Scott, Stuart A., 2019. "Techno-economic analysis of stand-alone wind micro-grids, compared with PV and diesel in Africa," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1928-1938.
    12. Aikaterini N. Martini & Maria Papafotiou, 2025. "Comparative Evaluation of Crithmum maritimum and Origanum dictamnus Cultivation on an Extensive Urban Green Roof," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-30, January.
    13. Fernando Alonso-Marroquin & Ghulam Qadir, 2023. "Synergy between Photovoltaic Panels and Green Roofs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-17, July.
    14. Siwei Chen & Zhonghua Gou, 2022. "An Investigation of Green Roof Spatial Distribution and Incentive Policies Using Green Buildings as a Benchmark," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-23, November.
    15. Eunha Shin & Heungsoon Kim, 2019. "Benefit–Cost Analysis of Green Roof Initiative Projects: The Case of Jung-gu, Seoul," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-18, June.
    16. Ruxu Sheng & Juntian Du & Songqi Liu & Changan Wang & Zidi Wang & Xiaoqian Liu, 2021. "Solar Photovoltaic Investment Changes across China Regions Using a Spatial Shift-Share Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-14, October.
    17. He, Q. & Tapia, F. & Reith, A., 2023. "Quantifying the influence of nature-based solutions on building cooling and heating energy demand: A climate specific review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    18. Jan Vanstockem & Liesbet Vranken & Brent Bleys & Ben Somers & Martin Hermy, 2018. "Do Looks Matter? A Case Study on Extensive Green Roofs Using Discrete Choice Experiments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-15, January.
    19. Ren, Yunxiu & Xu, Chao & Tian, Ziqian & Wang, Tieying & Liao, Zhirong, 2021. "Investigation of the anisotropic thermal properties of the cuboid-like Ca(NO3)2-NaNO3/EG composite," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 1303-1312.
    20. Sung-Lin Hsueh & Yuan Feng & Yue Sun & Ruqi Jia & Min-Ren Yan, 2021. "Using AI-MCDM Model to Boost Sustainable Energy System Development: A Case Study on Solar Energy and Rainwater Collection in Guangdong Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-25, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:17:p:5443-:d:627070. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.