IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jlands/v11y2022i11p2067-d975722.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Investigation of Green Roof Spatial Distribution and Incentive Policies Using Green Buildings as a Benchmark

Author

Listed:
  • Siwei Chen

    (School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Zhonghua Gou

    (School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

Abstract

The global spread of green roofs is becoming increasingly important in the context of increasing urbanization and climate change as they provide multiple benefits, including urban heat island effect (UHI) mitigation, stormwater retention and urban flood risk reduction. However, current research provides little insight into how green roofs are used and promoted globally. Therefore, it is essential to look at the global spatial distribution of green roofs and the related policies by using green buildings which have been successfully promoted as a benchmark. This study collected data from multiple sources, such as a dataset of spatial distribution of green roofs from eight countries, and 124 green roof incentive policy texts from 88 cities. Spatial analysis was conducted using ArcGIS Pro, and different types of incentive policies were explored using word frequency analysis. The results show that (1) the unbalanced distribution of green roofs in cities is prominent, with significant regional differences and clustering characteristics along water systems; (2) in the vast majority of countries, the types of incentive policies for green roofs lack diversity; (3) green roofs lack a well-developed rating system compared to how green buildings are promoted. Combining green buildings with green roofs and exploring the gaps between them, this study will help further explore the application of green roofs worldwide and guide governments or non-governmental organizations to develop and implement more efficient policies and provide recommendations to promote the popularity of green roofs worldwide.

Suggested Citation

  • Siwei Chen & Zhonghua Gou, 2022. "An Investigation of Green Roof Spatial Distribution and Incentive Policies Using Green Buildings as a Benchmark," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-23, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:11:p:2067-:d:975722
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/11/2067/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/11/2067/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rafał Blazy & Rita Łabuz, 2022. "Spatial Distribution and Land Development Parameters of Shopping Centers Based on GIS Analysis: A Case Study on Kraków, Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-24, June.
    2. Judy Bush & Gavin Ashley & Ben Foster & Gail Hall, 2021. "Integrating Green Infrastructure into Urban Planning: Developing Melbourne’s Green Factor Tool," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 6(1), pages 20-31.
    3. Mario Maiolo & Behrouz Pirouz & Roberto Bruno & Stefania Anna Palermo & Natale Arcuri & Patrizia Piro, 2020. "The Role of the Extensive Green Roofs on Decreasing Building Energy Consumption in the Mediterranean Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-13, January.
    4. Yueming Qiu & Shuai Yin & Yi David Wang, 2016. "Peer Effects and Voluntary Green Building Certification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-15, July.
    5. Shafique, Muhammad & Kim, Reeho & Rafiq, Muhammad, 2018. "Green roof benefits, opportunities and challenges – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 757-773.
    6. Liberalesso, Tiago & Oliveira Cruz, Carlos & Matos Silva, Cristina & Manso, Maria, 2020. "Green infrastructure and public policies: An international review of green roofs and green walls incentives," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    7. Jing Dong & Jin Zuo & Jiancheng Luo, 2020. "Development of a Management Framework for Applying Green Roof Policy in Urban China: A Preliminary Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-22, December.
    8. Yi Gao & Gaosheng Yang & Qiuhao Xie, 2020. "Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Driving Factors of Green Building Development in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-21, April.
    9. Fernando Barriuso & Beatriz Urbano, 2021. "Green Roofs and Walls Design Intended to Mitigate Climate Change in Urban Areas across All Continents," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-14, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Senhong Cai & Zhonghua Gou, 2023. "Are Green Spaces More Available and Accessible to Green Building Users? A Comparative Study in Texas," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-20, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sinem Yıldırım & Çimen Özburak & Özge Özden, 2023. "Green Roofs, Vegetation Types, Impact on the Thermal Effectiveness: An Experimental Study in Cyprus," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-19, February.
    2. Manso, Maria & Teotónio, Inês & Silva, Cristina Matos & Cruz, Carlos Oliveira, 2021. "Green roof and green wall benefits and costs: A review of the quantitative evidence," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    3. Edoardo De Cristo & Luca Evangelisti & Leone Barbaro & Roberto De Lieto Vollaro & Francesco Asdrubali, 2025. "A Systematic Review of Green Roofs’ Thermal and Energy Performance in the Mediterranean Region," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-38, May.
    4. Dimitris Perivoliotis & Iasonas Arvanitis & Anna Tzavali & Vassilios Papakostas & Sophia Kappou & George Andreakos & Angeliki Fotiadi & John A. Paravantis & Manolis Souliotis & Giouli Mihalakakou, 2023. "Sustainable Urban Environment through Green Roofs: A Literature Review with Case Studies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-25, November.
    5. Yu Cao & Cong Xu & Syahrul Nizam Kamaruzzaman & Nur Mardhiyah Aziz, 2022. "A Systematic Review of Green Building Development in China: Advantages, Challenges and Future Directions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-29, September.
    6. Hui Yang & Xiangda Xu, 2024. "Coupling and Coordination Analysis of Digital Economy and Green Agricultural Development: Evidence from Major Grain Producing Areas in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-29, May.
    7. Susca, T. & Zanghirella, F. & Colasuonno, L. & Del Fatto, V., 2022. "Effect of green wall installation on urban heat island and building energy use: A climate-informed systematic literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    8. Bin Li & Weihong Guo & Xiao Liu & Yuqing Zhang & Peter John Russell & Marc Aurel Schnabel, 2021. "Sustainable Passive Design for Building Performance of Healthy Built Environment in the Lingnan Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-22, August.
    9. Veerkamp, Clara J. & Schipper, Aafke M. & Hedlund, Katarina & Lazarova, Tanya & Nordin, Amanda & Hanson, Helena I., 2021. "A review of studies assessing ecosystem services provided by urban green and blue infrastructure," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    10. Mihalakakou, Giouli & Souliotis, Manolis & Papadaki, Maria & Menounou, Penelope & Dimopoulos, Panayotis & Kolokotsa, Dionysia & Paravantis, John A. & Tsangrassoulis, Aris & Panaras, Giorgos & Giannako, 2023. "Green roofs as a nature-based solution for improving urban sustainability: Progress and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    11. Ana M. Bartolome & Deiyalí A. Carpio & Beatriz Urbano, 2022. "Urban Agriculture Digital Planning for the European Union’s Green Deal," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 24(59), pages 159-159.
    12. Jacqueline Theis & Christopher K. Woolley & Philip J. Seddon & Danielle F. Shanahan & Claire Freeman & Maibritt Pedersen Zari & Yolanda van Heezik, 2025. "The New Zealand Biodiversity Factor—Residential (NZBF-R): A Tool to Rapidly Score the Relative Biodiversity Value of Urban Residential Developments," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-32, March.
    13. Natale Arcuri & Manuela De Ruggiero & Francesca Salvo & Raffaele Zinno, 2020. "Automated Valuation Methods through the Cost Approach in a BIM and GIS Integration Framework for Smart City Appraisals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-16, September.
    14. Qingwen, Wang & XiaoHui, Chu & Chao, Yu, 2024. "Modeling of heat gain through green roofs utilizing artificial intelligence techniques," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    15. Anna Porębska & Krzysztof Muszyński & Izabela Godyń & Kinga Racoń-Leja, 2023. "City and Water Risk: Accumulated Runoff Mapping Analysis as a Tool for Sustainable Land Use Planning," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-21, July.
    16. Ran Zhang & Taoyi Chen & Fei Su & Yaohui Liu & Guoqiang Zheng, 2024. "Simulating the Impact of Urban Expansion on Ecological Security Pattern from a Multi-Scenario Perspective: A Case Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-20, October.
    17. Valeria Serrano-Núñez & Karolina Villagra-Mendoza & Natalia Gamboa-Alpízar & Miriam Miranda-Quirós & Fernando Watson-Hernández, 2024. "Evaluation of the Hydrological Response of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) in Socio-Economically Vulnerable Tropical Urban Settlements: A Case Study in La Guapil, Costa Rica, Under Climate Change Scenari," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-17, December.
    18. Florian Reinwald & Christiane Brandenburg & Anna Gabor & Peter Hinterkörner & Astrid Kainz & Florian Kraus & Zita Ring & Bernhard Scharf & Tanja Tötzer & Doris Damyanovic, 2021. "Multi-Level Toolset for Steering Urban Green Infrastructure to Support the Development of Climate-Proofed Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-23, November.
    19. Chen Shiguang & Zeng Haoxin & Sun Hongwei & Liu Song & Yang Yongmin, 2024. "How to determine the cistern volume of rainwater harvesting system: an analytical solution based on roof areas and water demands," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(8), pages 20413-20438, August.
    20. Noemi Caltabellotta & Felicia Cavaleri & Carlo Greco & Kestutis Navickas & Carlo Scibetta & Laura Giammanco, 2019. "Integration of green roofs&walls in urban areas," RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 0(2 Suppl.), pages 61-78.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:11:p:2067-:d:975722. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.