IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i11p3147-d563892.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Component-Sizing Methodology for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using an Optimization Algorithm

Author

Listed:
  • Kiyoung Kim

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Namdoo Kim

    (Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA)

  • Jongryeol Jeong

    (Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA)

  • Sunghwan Min

    (Hyundai Motor Company, 772-1 Jangduk-dong, Hwasung-si 445706, Gyunggi-do, Korea)

  • Horim Yang

    (Hyundai Motor Company, 772-1 Jangduk-dong, Hwasung-si 445706, Gyunggi-do, Korea)

  • Ram Vijayagopal

    (Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA)

  • Aymeric Rousseau

    (Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA)

  • Suk Won Cha

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
    Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

Abstract

Many leading companies in the automotive industry have been putting tremendous effort into developing new powertrains and technologies to make their products more energy efficient. Evaluating the fuel economy benefit of a new technology in specific powertrain systems is straightforward; and, in an early concept phase, obtaining a projection of energy efficiency benefits from new technologies is extremely useful. However, when carmakers consider new technology or powertrain configurations, they must deal with a trade-off problem involving factors such as energy efficiency and performance, because of the complexities of sizing a vehicle’s powertrain components, which directly affect its energy efficiency and dynamic performance. As powertrains of modern vehicles become more complicated, even more effort is required to design the size of each component. This study presents a component-sizing process based on the forward-looking vehicle simulator “Autonomie” and the optimization algorithm “POUNDERS”; the supervisory control strategy based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) assures sufficient computational system efficiency. We tested the process by applying it to a single power-split hybrid electric vehicle to determine optimal values of gear ratios and each component size, where we defined the optimization problem as minimizing energy consumption when the vehicle’s dynamic performance is given as a performance constraint. The suggested sizing process will be helpful in determining optimal component sizes for vehicle powertrain to maximize fuel efficiency while dynamic performance is satisfied. Indeed, this process does not require the engineer’s intuition or rules based on heuristics required in the rule-based process.

Suggested Citation

  • Kiyoung Kim & Namdoo Kim & Jongryeol Jeong & Sunghwan Min & Horim Yang & Ram Vijayagopal & Aymeric Rousseau & Suk Won Cha, 2021. "A Component-Sizing Methodology for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using an Optimization Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-15, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:3147-:d:563892
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3147/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3147/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kyuhyun Sim & Ram Vijayagopal & Namdoo Kim & Aymeric Rousseau, 2019. "Optimization of Component Sizing for a Fuel Cell-Powered Truck to Minimize Ownership Cost," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-13, March.
    2. Bradley, Thomas H. & Frank, Andrew A., 2009. "Design, demonstrations and sustainability impact assessments for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 115-128, January.
    3. Piotr Wróblewski & Wojciech Drożdż & Wojciech Lewicki & Jakub Dowejko, 2021. "Total Cost of Ownership and Its Potential Consequences for the Development of the Hydrogen Fuel Cell Powered Vehicle Market in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-25, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Shantanu Pardhi & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Oswin Hulsebos & Omar Hegazy, 2022. "Optimal Powertrain Sizing of Series Hybrid Coach Running on Diesel and HVO for Lifetime Carbon Footprint and Total Cost Minimisation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-28, September.
    2. Liu, Xinglong & Zhao, Fuquan & Hao, Han & Liu, Zongwei, 2023. "Comparative analysis for different vehicle powertrains in terms of energy-saving potential and cost-effectiveness in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    3. Ju, Fei & Du, Wei & Zhuang, Weichao & Li, Bingbing & Wang, Tao & Wang, Weiwei & Ma, Huijie, 2024. "Profit-effective component sizing for electric delivery trucks with dual motor coupling powertrain," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    4. Pier Giuseppe Anselma, 2022. "Dynamic Programming Based Rapid Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Constraints on Smooth Driving, Battery State-of-Charge and Battery State-of-Health," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-25, February.
    5. Andyn Omanovic & Norbert Zsiga & Patrik Soltic & Christopher Onder, 2021. "Optimal Degree of Hybridization for Spark-Ignited Engines with Optional Variable Valve Timings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-21, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Piotr Wróblewski & Wojciech Lewicki, 2021. "A Method of Analyzing the Residual Values of Low-Emission Vehicles Based on a Selected Expert Method Taking into Account Stochastic Operational Parameters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-24, October.
    2. Kristoffersen, Trine Krogh & Capion, Karsten & Meibom, Peter, 2011. "Optimal charging of electric drive vehicles in a market environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(5), pages 1940-1948, May.
    3. Rejaul Islam & S M Sajjad Hossain Rafin & Osama A. Mohammed, 2022. "Comprehensive Review of Power Electronic Converters in Electric Vehicle Applications," Forecasting, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-59, December.
    4. Shiau, Ching-Shin Norman & Samaras, Constantine & Hauffe, Richard & Michalek, Jeremy J., 2009. "Impact of battery weight and charging patterns on the economic and environmental benefits of plug-in hybrid vehicles," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(7), pages 2653-2663, July.
    5. Bergthorson, Jeffrey M. & Thomson, Murray J., 2015. "A review of the combustion and emissions properties of advanced transportation biofuels and their impact on existing and future engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1393-1417.
    6. Selvin Raj, Jaya Antony Perinba & Asirvatham, Lazarus Godson & Angeline, Appadurai Anitha & Manova, Stephen & Rakshith, Bairi Levi & Bose, Jefferson Raja & Mahian, Omid & Wongwises, Somchai, 2024. "Thermal management strategies and power ratings of electric vehicle motors," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    7. Justin Fraselle & Sabine Louise Limbourg & Laura Vidal, 2021. "Cost and Environmental Impacts of a Mixed Fleet of Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-16, August.
    8. Sajjad Haider & Peter Schegner, 2020. "Heuristic Optimization of Overloading Due to Electric Vehicles in a Low Voltage Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-19, November.
    9. Galus, Matthias D. & Zima, Marek & Andersson, Göran, 2010. "On integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles into existing power system structures," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(11), pages 6736-6745, November.
    10. Yilmaz, Murat, 2015. "Limitations/capabilities of electric machine technologies and modeling approaches for electric motor design and analysis in plug-in electric vehicle applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 80-99.
    11. Al-Alawi, Baha M. & Bradley, Thomas H., 2013. "Review of hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicle market modeling Studies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 190-203.
    12. Schill, Wolf-Peter, 2011. "Electric Vehicles in Imperfect Electricity Markets: The case of Germany," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 39(10), pages 6178-6189.
    13. Andriosopoulos, Kostas & Bigerna, Simona & Bollino, Carlo Andrea & Micheli, Silvia, 2018. "The impact of age on Italian consumers' attitude toward alternative fuel vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 299-308.
    14. Ren, Lei & Zhou, Sheng & Peng, Tianduo & Ou, Xunmin, 2022. "Greenhouse gas life cycle analysis of China's fuel cell medium- and heavy-duty trucks under segmented usage scenarios and vehicle types," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    15. Xiaohong Jiang & Xiucheng Guo, 2020. "Evaluation of Performance and Technological Characteristics of Battery Electric Logistics Vehicles: China as a Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-23, May.
    16. Traut, Elizabeth & Hendrickson, Chris & Klampfl, Erica & Liu, Yimin & Michalek, Jeremy J., 2012. "Optimal design and allocation of electrified vehicles and dedicated charging infrastructure for minimum life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and cost," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 524-534.
    17. Tomasz Jałowiec & Dariusz Grala & Piotr Maśloch & Henryk Wojtaszek & Grzegorz Maśloch & Agnieszka Wójcik-Czerniawska, 2022. "Analysis of the Implementation of Functional Hydrogen Assumptions in Poland and Germany," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-25, November.
    18. Warren S. Vaz, 2020. "Multiobjective Optimization of a Residential Grid-Tied Solar System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-15, October.
    19. Asghari, Mohammad & Mirzapour Al-e-hashem, S. Mohammad J., 2021. "Green vehicle routing problem: A state-of-the-art review," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    20. Despoina Kothona & Aggelos S. Bouhouras, 2022. "A Two-Stage EV Charging Planning and Network Reconfiguration Methodology towards Power Loss Minimization in Low and Medium Voltage Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-17, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:3147-:d:563892. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.