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Physicochemical Properties of Activated Carbons Produced from Coffee Waste and Empty Fruit Bunch by Chemical Activation Method

Author

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  • Vilaysit Thithai

    (Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Department of Green Ecosystem Engineering, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Gangwon-do, Korea)

  • Xuanjun Jin

    (Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Department of Green Ecosystem Engineering, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Gangwon-do, Korea)

  • Muhammed Ajaz Ahmed

    (Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Gangwon-do, Korea)

  • Joon-Weon Choi

    (Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Department of Green Ecosystem Engineering, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Gangwon-do, Korea
    Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Gangwon-do, Korea)

Abstract

In this study, coffee waste (CW) and empty fruit bunches (EFB) were employed as precursors for the production of activated carbons by a chemical activation method. KOH, ZnCl 2 , and H 3 PO 4 were used as activating agents along with their three mixing ratios of 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, w / w, and carbonization temperatures of 600 °C, 700 °C, and 800 °C were used to prepare these activated carbons. The highest yields of produced activated carbons were observed at 600 °C with a value of 45.20% for coffee waste and 48.20% for empty fruit bunch, with a 1:3 w / w (H 3 PO 4 ) ratio. However, the maximum specific surface area was 3068 m 2 g −1 , and 2147 m 2 g −1 obtained at 800 °C for coffee waste and empty fruit bunch activated carbons, respectively. The surface features of these products exhibited acute morphological changes, as were clearly noticed via SEM studies. Moreover, in the Van Krevelen diagram, it was also observed that both the H/C and O/C ratios were dramatically decreased to 0.0019 and 0.0759, and 0.0066 and 0.1659 for coffee waste and empty fruit bunch at 800 °C with a (1:3) potassium hydroxide and zinc chloride ratio, respectively, and this similar phenomenon was also supported by a thermal gravimetric analysis. All these results, together with the specific characteristics of the products, suggest that this scheme can be an effective strategy for the activated carbon production from such residues.

Suggested Citation

  • Vilaysit Thithai & Xuanjun Jin & Muhammed Ajaz Ahmed & Joon-Weon Choi, 2021. "Physicochemical Properties of Activated Carbons Produced from Coffee Waste and Empty Fruit Bunch by Chemical Activation Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:3002-:d:559919
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Lee, Jae Hoon & Hwang, Hyewon & Choi, Joon Weon, 2018. "Effects of transition metals on hydrothermal liquefaction of empty fruit bunches (EFB) for conversion to biofuel and valuable chemicals," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1-9.
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    1. Beibei Xu & Min Chang & Chengguo Fu & Jiale Han & Yahui Wang & Yipeng Feng & Zhiping Zhang, 2024. "Effect of Preparation Process on the Physicochemical Properties of Activated Carbon Prepared from Corn Stalks," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-17, February.
    2. Enas Taha Sayed & Abdul Ghani Olabi & Abdul Hai Alami & Ali Radwan & Ayman Mdallal & Ahmed Rezk & Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, 2023. "Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-26, February.

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