IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i9p2321-d354849.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Evaluating Building Energy Code Compliance and Savings Potential through Large-Scale Simulation with Models Inferred by Field Data

Author

Listed:
  • Yulong Xie

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA)

  • Mark Halverson

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA)

  • Rosemarie Bartlett

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA)

  • Yan Chen

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA)

  • Michael Rosenberg

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA)

  • Todd Taylor

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA)

  • Jeremiah Williams

    (U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20024, USA)

  • Michael Reiner

    (U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20024, USA)

Abstract

Building energy code compliance is the crucial link between the actual energy savings and the efficiency prescribed in energy codes. A research project aiming to identify opportunities to reduce energy consumption in new single-family residential construction by increasing compliance with the building energy code was conducted in several states of the United States. The study was comprised of three phases: (1) a baseline study to document typical practice and identify opportunities for improvement based on empirical data gathered from the field; (2) an education and training phase targeting the opportunities identified; and (3) a post-study to assess whether a reduction in average state-wide energy use could be achieved following the education and training phase. We proposed a novel methodology based on large-scale building energy simulation inferred by limited field data to assess the performance of a large population of homes. This paper presents the methodology, findings, and results of this study. The state-wide average energy consumption decreased at Phase III from Phase I for five of the seven states involved in the analysis. The measure-level savings potential analysis shows an overall reduction. Overall, the training and education phase plays a recognizable role in improving compliance with building energy codes.

Suggested Citation

  • Yulong Xie & Mark Halverson & Rosemarie Bartlett & Yan Chen & Michael Rosenberg & Todd Taylor & Jeremiah Williams & Michael Reiner, 2020. "Evaluating Building Energy Code Compliance and Savings Potential through Large-Scale Simulation with Models Inferred by Field Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-19, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:9:p:2321-:d:354849
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/9/2321/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/9/2321/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tim C. Hesterberg, 2015. "What Teachers Should Know About the Bootstrap: Resampling in the Undergraduate Statistics Curriculum," The American Statistician, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 69(4), pages 371-386, November.
    2. Xiaojing Sun & Marilyn A. Brown & Matt Cox & Roderick Jackson, 2016. "Mandating better buildings: a global review of building codes and prospects for improvement in the United States," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 5(2), pages 188-215, March.
    3. Matthew J. Kotchen, 2017. "Longer-Run Evidence on Whether Building Energy Codes Reduce Residential Energy Consumption," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 4(1), pages 135-153.
    4. Wang, Xia & Feng, Wei & Cai, Weiguang & Ren, Hong & Ding, Chao & Zhou, Nan, 2019. "Do residential building energy efficiency standards reduce energy consumption in China? – A data-driven method to validate the actual performance of building energy efficiency standards," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 82-98.
    5. Iwaro, Joseph & Mwasha, Abraham, 2010. "A review of building energy regulation and policy for energy conservation in developing countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(12), pages 7744-7755, December.
    6. Song, Ma-Lin & Zhang, Lin-Ling & Liu, Wei & Fisher, Ron, 2013. "Bootstrap-DEA analysis of BRICS’ energy efficiency based on small sample data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1049-1055.
    7. Pan, Wei & Garmston, Helen, 2012. "Compliance with building energy regulations for new-build dwellings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 11-22.
    8. Yu, Sha & Eom, Jiyong & Evans, Meredydd & Clarke, Leon, 2014. "A long-term, integrated impact assessment of alternative building energy code scenarios in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 626-639.
    9. Grant D. Jacobsen & Matthew J. Kotchen, 2013. "Are Building Codes Effective at Saving Energy? Evidence from Residential Billing Data in Florida," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 95(1), pages 34-49, March.
    10. Tian, Wei & Song, Jitian & Li, Zhanyong & de Wilde, Pieter, 2014. "Bootstrap techniques for sensitivity analysis and model selection in building thermal performance analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 320-328.
    11. Yu, Sha & Tan, Qing & Evans, Meredydd & Kyle, Page & Vu, Linh & Patel, Pralit L., 2017. "Improving building energy efficiency in India: State-level analysis of building energy efficiency policies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 331-341.
    12. Wang, Liping & Greenberg, Steve & Fiegel, John & Rubalcava, Alma & Earni, Shankar & Pang, Xiufeng & Yin, Rongxin & Woodworth, Spencer & Hernandez-Maldonado, Jorge, 2013. "Monitoring-based HVAC commissioning of an existing office building for energy efficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 1382-1390.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yi Lu & Gayani Karunasena & Chunlu Liu, 2022. "A Systematic Literature Review of Non-Compliance with Low-Carbon Building Regulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-20, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Xia & Feng, Wei & Cai, Weiguang & Ren, Hong & Ding, Chao & Zhou, Nan, 2019. "Do residential building energy efficiency standards reduce energy consumption in China? – A data-driven method to validate the actual performance of building energy efficiency standards," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 82-98.
    2. Wang, Xia & Ding, Chao & Cai, Weiguang & Luo, Lizi & Chen, Mingman, 2021. "Identifying household cooling savings potential in the hot summer and cold winter climate zone in China: A stochastic demand frontier approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    3. Singhal, Puja & Pahle, Michael & Kalkuhl, Matthias & Levesque, Antoine & Sommer, Stephan & Berneiser, Jessica, 2022. "Beyond good faith: Why evidence-based policy is necessary to decarbonize buildings cost-effectively in Germany," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    4. Younghoon Kwak & Jeong-A Kang & Jung-Ho Huh & Tae-Hyoung Kim & Young-Sun Jeong, 2019. "An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Policy for Office Building Design in South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-25, December.
    5. Davis, Lucas & Martinez, Sebastian & Taboada, Bibiana, 2018. "How Effective is Energy-efficient Housing?: Evidence From a Field Experiment in Mexico," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 8767, Inter-American Development Bank.
    6. Carattini, Stefano & Figge, Béla & Gordan, Alexander & Löschel, Andreas, 2022. "Municipal building codes and the adoption of solar photovoltaics," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 116962, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    7. Hye Gi Kim & Hyun Jun Kim & Chae Hwan Jeon & Myeong Won Chae & Young Hum Cho & Sun Sook Kim, 2020. "Analysis of Energy Saving Effect and Cost Efficiency of ECMs to Upgrade the Building Energy Code," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-22, September.
    8. Makram El-Shagi & Claus Michelsen & Sebastian Rosenschon, 2014. "Regulation, Innovation and Technology Diffusion: Evidence from Building Energy Efficiency Standards in Germany," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1371, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    9. Yi Lu & Gayani Karunasena & Chunlu Liu, 2022. "A Systematic Literature Review of Non-Compliance with Low-Carbon Building Regulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-20, December.
    10. Modeste, Kameni Nematchoua & Mempouo, Blaise & René, Tchinda & Costa, Ángel M. & Orosa, José A. & Raminosoa, Chrysostôme R.R. & Mamiharijaona, Ramaroson, 2015. "Resource potential and energy efficiency in the buildings of Cameroon: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 835-846.
    11. Thapar, Sapan, 2020. "Energy consumption behavior: A data-based analysis of urban Indian households," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    12. Germeshausen, Robert & von Graevenitz, Kathrine & Achtnicht, Martin, 2022. "Does the stick make the carrot more attractive? State mandates and uptake of renewable heating technologies," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    13. Mennaallah GamalEldine & Helena Corvacho, 2022. "Compliance with Building Energy Code for the Residential Sector in Egyptian Hot-Arid Climate: Potential Impact, Difficulties, and Further Improvements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-20, March.
    14. Lang, Ghislaine & Lanz, Bruno, 2022. "Climate policy without a price signal: Evidence on the implicit carbon price of energy efficiency in buildings," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    15. Hadush Meles, Tensay & Farrell, Niall & Curtis, John, 2023. "Are energy performance certificates a strong predictor of actual energy use? Evidence from high-frequency thermostat panel data," Papers WP749, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    16. Seungho Jeon & Minyoung Roh & Jaeick Oh & Suduk Kim, 2020. "Development of an Integrated Assessment Model at Provincial Level: GCAM-Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-15, May.
    17. Michelsen, Claus & Rosenschon, Sebastian & Schulz, Christian, 2015. "Small might be beautiful, but bigger performs better: Scale economies in “green” refurbishments of apartment housing," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 240-250.
    18. U. G. D. Madushika & Thanuja Ramachandra & Gayani Karunasena & P. A. D. S. Udakara, 2023. "Energy Retrofitting Technologies of Buildings: A Review-Based Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-16, June.
    19. Matthew J. Holian, 2023. "Methods in open policy analysis: An application to California's building energy codes," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 41(4), pages 613-628, October.
    20. Ramos, A. & Gago, A. & Labandeira, X. & Linares, P., 2015. "The role of information for energy efficiency in the residential sector," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(S1), pages 17-29.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:9:p:2321-:d:354849. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.