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Future Renewable Fuel Mixes in Transport in Germany under RED II and Climate Protection Targets

Author

Listed:
  • Kathleen Meisel

    (DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum Gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße 116, D-04347 Leipzig, Germany)

  • Markus Millinger

    (Department of Bioenergy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany)

  • Karin Naumann

    (DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum Gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße 116, D-04347 Leipzig, Germany)

  • Franziska Müller-Langer

    (DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum Gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße 116, D-04347 Leipzig, Germany)

  • Stefan Majer

    (DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum Gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße 116, D-04347 Leipzig, Germany)

  • Daniela Thrän

    (DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum Gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße 116, D-04347 Leipzig, Germany
    Department of Bioenergy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany)

Abstract

With the Renewable Energy Directive 2018/2001 (RED II), adopted in December 2018, the EU is continuing the political framework for the use of renewable energy sources in the transport sector for the period from 2021 to 2030. At the same time, the German federal government has set a target of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector by at least 40% to 42% by 2030 compared to the 1990 GHG level. To investigate the possible effects of the European and national requirements on the German GHG quota, cost-optimal fuel mixes were modelled to achieve the GHG targets of 26 fuel options in each of the nine different scenarios. The results show clear differences between the scenarios that implement the RED II targets (including 14% renewables in transport by 2030) and those that implement the climate protection target (40–42% GHG reduction compared to 1990 by 2030). If only the minimum requirements of RED II are met, the German climate protection target is clearly missed without further measures. In order to achieve the climate protection target, a significant reduction in the final energy consumption in transport is required, as well as a very high GHG quota of 34.5%, meaning a high proportion of renewables of ca. 40% and using almost all the fuel options considered.

Suggested Citation

  • Kathleen Meisel & Markus Millinger & Karin Naumann & Franziska Müller-Langer & Stefan Majer & Daniela Thrän, 2020. "Future Renewable Fuel Mixes in Transport in Germany under RED II and Climate Protection Targets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:7:p:1712-:d:341322
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Millinger, M. & Ponitka, J. & Arendt, O. & Thrän, D., 2017. "Competitiveness of advanced and conventional biofuels: Results from least-cost modelling of biofuel competition in Germany," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 394-402.
    2. Stefan Majer & Simone Wurster & David Moosmann & Luana Ladu & Beike Sumfleth & Daniela Thrän, 2018. "Gaps and Research Demand for Sustainability Certification and Standardisation in a Sustainable Bio-Based Economy in the EU," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-44, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Keyu Bao & Rushikesh Padsala & Volker Coors & Daniela Thrän & Bastian Schröter, 2020. "A Method for Assessing Regional Bioenergy Potentials Based on GIS Data and a Dynamic Yield Simulation Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-24, December.
    2. Jakub Kraciuk & Elżbieta Kacperska & Katarzyna Łukasiewicz & Piotr Pietrzak, 2022. "Innovative Energy Technologies in Road Transport in Selected EU Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-18, August.
    3. Anca Mehedintu & Georgeta Soava & Mihaela Sterpu & Eugenia Grecu, 2021. "Evolution and Forecasting of the Renewable Energy Consumption in the Frame of Sustainable Development: EU vs. Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-30, September.
    4. Liepold, Constanze & Fabianek, Paul & Madlener, Reinhard, 2023. "Tradable Performance Standards for a Greener Automobile Sector: An Economists’ Appraisal of the German Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Quota," FCN Working Papers 9/2023, E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN).
    5. Millinger, M. & Reichenberg, L. & Hedenus, F. & Berndes, G. & Zeyen, E. & Brown, T., 2022. "Are biofuel mandates cost-effective? - An analysis of transport fuels and biomass usage to achieve emissions targets in the European energy system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    6. Bao, Keyu & Thrän, Daniela & Schröter, Bastian, 2023. "Land resource allocation between biomass and ground-mounted PV under consideration of the food–water–energy nexus framework at regional scale," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 323-333.
    7. Joanna Kisielińska & Monika Roman & Piotr Pietrzak & Michał Roman & Katarzyna Łukasiewicz & Elżbieta Kacperska, 2021. "Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources in Road Transport in EU Countries—TOPSIS Results," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-18, November.

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