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Design of Renewable and System-Beneficial District Heating Systems Using a Dynamic Emission Factor for Grid-Sourced Electricity

Author

Listed:
  • Johannes Röder

    (Department Resilient Energy Systems, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany)

  • David Beier

    (Department Resilient Energy Systems, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany)

  • Benedikt Meyer

    (Department Resilient Energy Systems, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany)

  • Joris Nettelstroth

    (Steinbeis-Innovationszentrum Energie+, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany)

  • Torben Stührmann

    (Department Resilient Energy Systems, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany)

  • Edwin Zondervan

    (Laboratory of Process Systems Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany)

Abstract

In future energy scenarios with a high share of renewable energies within the electricity system, power-to-heat technologies could play a crucial role for achieving the climate goals in the heating sector. District heating systems can integrate volatile wind and photovoltaic energy sources and resolve congestions within the electricity grid, leading to curtailment of renewable electricity generation. This paper presents a design approach for setting up system-beneficial power-to-heat-based district energy systems. Within the scope of the project QUARREE100 an existing district in the provincial town Heide in Northern Germany is examined. A linear investment and unit commitment optimization model is applied. By considering local dynamic emission factors for grid-sourced electricity, which contain information on local wind energy curtailment as well as the emission intensity of the overall electricity generation, a renewable and system-beneficial design can be derived. With this method, the minimal rated power and capacity of energy converter and storage units can be determined to achieve emission reductions with respect to minimum costs. The approach of using different methods for the consideration of the emissions of grid-sourced electricity is analyzed based on different scenarios. By using a dynamic emission factor for grid-sourced electricity, lower emissions with fewer costs can be achieved. It is shown that a dynamic assessment leads to different design decisions and far-reaching deviations in the unit commitment. The results clearly show that a constant emission factor is no longer an option for grid-sourced electricity in urban energy system models.

Suggested Citation

  • Johannes Röder & David Beier & Benedikt Meyer & Joris Nettelstroth & Torben Stührmann & Edwin Zondervan, 2020. "Design of Renewable and System-Beneficial District Heating Systems Using a Dynamic Emission Factor for Grid-Sourced Electricity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-22, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:3:p:619-:d:315282
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Hamels, Sam & Himpe, Eline & Laverge, Jelle & Delghust, Marc & Van den Brande, Kjartan & Janssens, Arnold & Albrecht, Johan, 2021. "The use of primary energy factors and CO2 intensities for electricity in the European context - A systematic methodological review and critical evaluation of the contemporary literature," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    3. Ramsebner, J. & Haas, R. & Auer, H. & Ajanovic, A. & Gawlik, W. & Maier, C. & Nemec-Begluk, S. & Nacht, T. & Puchegger, M., 2021. "From single to multi-energy and hybrid grids: Historic growth and future vision," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    4. Nils Seckinger & Peter Radgen, 2021. "Dynamic Prospective Average and Marginal GHG Emission Factors—Scenario-Based Method for the German Power System until 2050," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-22, April.
    5. Gjorgievski, Vladimir Z. & Cundeva, Snezana & Georghiou, George E., 2021. "Social arrangements, technical designs and impacts of energy communities: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1138-1156.
    6. Sneum, Daniel Møller & González, Mario Garzón & Gea-Bermúdez, Juan, 2021. "Increased heat-electricity sector coupling by constraining biomass use?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    7. Kumar, Shravan & Thakur, Jagruti & Gardumi, Francesco, 2022. "Techno-economic modelling and optimisation of excess heat and cold recovery for industries: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).

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