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Analysis of Primary Energy Factors from Photovoltaic Systems for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB): A Case Study in Lithuania

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  • Rokas Tamašauskas

    (JSC Planuotojai, Vasario 16-osios str. 8-6, LT-44250 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Jolanta Šadauskienė

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų Street 48, LT-51367 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Dorota Anna Krawczyk

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland)

  • Violeta Medelienė

    (Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Applied Engineering Sciences, Tvirtovės av. 35, LT-50155 Kaunas, Lithuania)

Abstract

Following a new climate and energy plan, the European Union (EU) gives big attention to energy savings. The overall assessment of energy saving measures is very important. Thus, it is crucial to estimate in a proper way the primary energy factor, which is used in calculations of primary energy consumption from renewable energy (RE) sources in a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB). The conduced studies of the literature and national regulations showed that different methods to determine energy from photovoltaic (PV) systems are used. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the primary energy factors of energy from photovoltaics and determine the average value. To achieve this aim, the data of 30 photovoltaic systems from Lithuania were analyzed. The results show a 35% diversification in the values of non-renewable primary energy factor, depending on the PV systems’ capacities, with the average on a level of 1.038.

Suggested Citation

  • Rokas Tamašauskas & Jolanta Šadauskienė & Dorota Anna Krawczyk & Violeta Medelienė, 2020. "Analysis of Primary Energy Factors from Photovoltaic Systems for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB): A Case Study in Lithuania," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:16:p:4099-:d:396067
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    1. Constantinos A. Balaras & Elena G. Dascalaki & Ioanna Psarra & Tomasz Cholewa, 2022. "Primary Energy Factors for Electricity Production in Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-21, December.

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