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A Review of Energy Harvesting Techniques for Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs)

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  • Giacomo Peruzzi

    (Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy)

  • Alessandro Pozzebon

    (Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy)

Abstract

The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) architectures and applications has been the driver for a rapid growth in wireless technologies for the Machine-to-Machine domain. In this context, a crucial role is being played by the so-called Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs), a bunch of transmission technologies developed to satisfy three main system requirements: low cost, wide transmission range, and low power consumption. This last requirement is especially crucial as IoT infrastructures should operate for long periods on limited quantities of energy: to cope with this limitation, energy harvesting is being applied every day more frequently, and several different techniques are being tested for LPWAN systems. The aim of this survey paper is to provide a detailed overview of the the existing LPWAN systems relying on energy harvesting for their powering. In this context, the different LPWAN technologies and protocols will be discussed and, for each technology, the applied energy harvesting techniques will be described as well as the architecture of the power management units when present.

Suggested Citation

  • Giacomo Peruzzi & Alessandro Pozzebon, 2020. "A Review of Energy Harvesting Techniques for Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-24, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:13:p:3433-:d:379765
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kim, Yong Jun & Gu, Hyun Mo & Kim, Choong Sun & Choi, Hyeongdo & Lee, Gyusoup & Kim, Seongho & Yi, Kevin K. & Lee, Sang Gug & Cho, Byung Jin, 2018. "High-performance self-powered wireless sensor node driven by a flexible thermoelectric generator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 526-533.
    2. Shaikh, Faisal Karim & Zeadally, Sherali, 2016. "Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 1041-1054.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mara Bruzzi & Irene Cappelli & Ada Fort & Alessandro Pozzebon & Valerio Vignoli, 2022. "Development of a Self-Sufficient LoRaWAN Sensor Node with Flexible and Glass Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Modules Harvesting Energy from Diffuse Low-Intensity Solar Radiation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Mariusz Nowak & Piotr Derbis & Krzysztof Kurowski & Rafał Różycki & Grzegorz Waligóra, 2021. "LPWAN Networks for Energy Meters Reading and Monitoring Power Supply Network in Intelligent Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-14, November.
    3. Krzysztof Wójcicki & Marta Biegańska & Beata Paliwoda & Justyna Górna, 2022. "Internet of Things in Industry: Research Profiling, Application, Challenges and Opportunities—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-24, February.
    4. Preetjot Kaur & Roopali Garg & Vinay Kukreja, 2023. "Energy-efficiency schemes for base stations in 5G heterogeneous networks: a systematic literature review," Telecommunication Systems: Modelling, Analysis, Design and Management, Springer, vol. 84(1), pages 115-151, September.
    5. Somaya Kayed & Sherif Saleh & Heba Shawkey, 2022. "ULP Super Regenerative Transmitter with Digital Quenching Signal Controller," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-16, September.
    6. Irene Cappelli & Stefano Parrino & Alessandro Pozzebon & Alessio Salta, 2021. "Providing Energy Self-Sufficiency to LoRaWAN Nodes by Means of Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs)-Based Energy Harvesting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-17, November.

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    Keywords

    energy harvesting; LPWAN; IoT; LoRa; LoRaWAN; Sigfox; DASH7; NB-IoT;
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