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Microencapsulation of Paraffin with Poly (Urea Methacrylate) Shell for Solar Water Heater

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  • Weiguang Su

    (School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China)

  • Yilin Li

    (School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)

  • Tongyu Zhou

    (Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China)

  • Jo Darkwa

    (Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Room B20 Lenton Firs, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK)

  • Georgios Kokogiannakis

    (Sustainable Buildings Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Building 237, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow NSW 2519, Australia)

  • Zhao Li

    (School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)

Abstract

Previous research has demonstred that microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs) could significantly increase the energy storage density of solar thermal energy storage (TES) systems. Compared with traditional phase change materials (PCMs), MEPCMs have many advantages since they can limit their exposure to the surrounding environment, enlarge the heat transfer area, and maintain the volume as the phase change occurs. In this study, a new MEPCM for solar TES systems is developed by encapsulation of paraffin wax with poly (urea formaldehyde) (PUF). The experimental results revealed that agglomeration of MEPCM particles occurred during the encapsulation process which affected the uniformity of the particle size distribution profile when sodium dodecyl sulfate was used as an emulsifier. The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis results showed that the melting temperatures were slightly increased by 0.14–0.72 °C after encapsulation. A thermogravimetric (TG) test showed that the sample weight decreased while the weight loss starting temperature was slightly increased after encapsulation. Overall, the sample UF-2, fabricated with the binary emulsifiers of Brij 35 and Brij 30 and 5% nucleating agent, resulted in good particle dispersion and shell integrity, higher core material content and encapsulation efficiency, as well as improved thermal stability.

Suggested Citation

  • Weiguang Su & Yilin Li & Tongyu Zhou & Jo Darkwa & Georgios Kokogiannakis & Zhao Li, 2019. "Microencapsulation of Paraffin with Poly (Urea Methacrylate) Shell for Solar Water Heater," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-9, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:18:p:3406-:d:263914
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lin, Yaxue & Zhu, Chuqiao & Alva, Guruprasad & Fang, Guiyin, 2018. "Palmitic acid/polyvinyl butyral/expanded graphite composites as form-stable phase change materials for solar thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1801-1809.
    2. Seddegh, Saeid & Wang, Xiaolin & Henderson, Alan D. & Xing, Ziwen, 2015. "Solar domestic hot water systems using latent heat energy storage medium: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 517-533.
    3. Li, T.X. & Xu, J.X. & Wu, D.L. & He, F. & Wang, R.Z., 2019. "High energy-density and power-density thermal storage prototype with hydrated salt for hot water and space heating," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C), pages 406-414.
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    5. Weiguang Su & Jo Darkwa & Georgios Kokogiannakis, 2018. "Nanosilicon dioxide hydrosol as surfactant for preparation of microencapsulated phase change materials for thermal energy storage in buildings," International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, Oxford University Press, vol. 13(4), pages 301-310.
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