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Control Strategies Applied to Wave Energy Converters: State of the Art

Author

Listed:
  • Aleix Maria-Arenas

    (Department of Engineering, Wedge Global S.L., 35017 Las palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain)

  • Aitor J. Garrido

    (Automatic Control Group—ACG, Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Engineering School of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48012 Bilbao, Spain)

  • Eugen Rusu

    (Department of Applied Mechanics, University Dunarea de Jos of Galati, Galati 800008, Romania)

  • Izaskun Garrido

    (Automatic Control Group—ACG, Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Engineering School of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48012 Bilbao, Spain)

Abstract

Wave energy’s path towards commercialization requires maximizing reliability, survivability, an improvement in energy harvested from the wave and efficiency of the wave to wire conversion. In this sense, control strategies directly impact the survivability and safe operation of the device, as well as the ability to harness the energy from the wave. For example, tuning the device’s natural frequency to the incoming wave allows resonance mode operation and amplifies the velocity, which has a quadratic proportionality to the extracted energy. In this article, a review of the main control strategies applied in wave energy conversion is presented along their corresponding power take-off (PTO) systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Aleix Maria-Arenas & Aitor J. Garrido & Eugen Rusu & Izaskun Garrido, 2019. "Control Strategies Applied to Wave Energy Converters: State of the Art," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:16:p:3115-:d:257407
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Kushal A. Prasad & Aneesh A. Chand & Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar & Sumesh Narayan & Kabir A. Mamun, 2022. "A Critical Review of Power Take-Off Wave Energy Technology Leading to the Conceptual Design of a Novel Wave-Plus-Photon Energy Harvester for Island/Coastal Communities’ Energy Needs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-55, February.
    3. Zhang, Yongxing & Huang, Zhicong & Zou, Bowei & Bian, Jing, 2023. "Conceptual design and analysis for a novel parallel configuration-type wave energy converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 627-644.
    4. Hu, Huakun & Xue, Wendong & Jiang, Peng & Li, Yong, 2022. "Bibliometric analysis for ocean renewable energy: An comprehensive review for hotspots, frontiers, and emerging trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    5. Lorenzo Ciappi & Lapo Cheli & Irene Simonetti & Alessandro Bianchini & Giampaolo Manfrida & Lorenzo Cappietti, 2020. "Wave-to-Wire Model of an Oscillating-Water-Column Wave Energy Converter and Its Application to Mediterranean Energy Hot-Spots," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-28, October.
    6. Sunil Kumar Mishra & Amitkumar V. Jha & Bhargav Appasani & Nicu Bizon & Phatiphat Thounthong & Pongsiri Mungporn, 2023. "Ocean Wave Energy Control Using Aquila Optimization Technique," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-21, June.
    7. Marcin Drzewiecki & Jarosław Guziński, 2020. "Fuzzy Control of Waves Generation in a Towing Tank," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, April.
    8. Aleix Maria-Arenas & Aitor J. Garrido & Eugen Rusu & Izaskun Garrido, 2020. "Addendum: Maria-Arenas, A. et al. Control Strategies Applied to Wave Energy Converters: State of the Art. Energies 2019, 12, 3115," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-1, April.
    9. Niklas Enoch Andersen & Jakob Blåbjerg Mathiasen & Maja Grankær Carøe & Chen Chen & Christian-Emil Helver & Allan Lynggaard Ludvigsen & Nis Frededal Ebsen & Anders Hedegaard Hansen, 2022. "Optimisation of Control Algorithm for Hydraulic Power Take-Off System in Wave Energy Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-18, September.
    10. Liliana Rusu & Eugen Rusu, 2021. "Evaluation of the Worldwide Wave Energy Distribution Based on ERA5 Data and Altimeter Measurements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-16, January.
    11. Fabian G. Pierart & Matias Rubilar & Jaime Rohten, 2023. "Experimental Validation of Damping Adjustment Method with Generator Parameter Study for Wave Energy Conversion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-14, July.
    12. In-Ho Kim & Byeong-Ryong Kim & Seon-Jun Jang, 2023. "Performance Validation of Resonant Wave Power Converter with Variable Moment of Inertia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-13, September.
    13. Mahmoodi, Kumars & Nepomuceno, Erivelton & Razminia, Abolhassan, 2022. "Wave excitation force forecasting using neural networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    14. Michael Fratita & Florin Popescu & Eugen Rusu & Ion V. Ion & Răzvan Mahu, 2023. "Romanian Energy System Analysis (Production, Consumption, and Distribution)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-14, August.
    15. José Carlos Domínguez-Lozoya & Sergio Cuevas & David Roberto Domínguez & Raúl Ávalos-Zúñiga & Eduardo Ramos, 2021. "Laboratory Characterization of a Liquid Metal MHD Generator for Ocean Wave Energy Conversion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-17, April.
    16. Henry M. Zapata & Marcelo A. Perez & Abraham Marquez Alcaide, 2022. "Control of Cascaded Multilevel Converter for Wave Energy Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.

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