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Integrated Energy and Thermal Management for Electrified Powertrains

Author

Listed:
  • Caiyang Wei

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

  • Theo Hofman

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

  • Esin Ilhan Caarls

    (Bosch Transmission Technology, Postbus 500, 5000 AM Tilburg, The Netherlands)

  • Rokus van Iperen

    (Bosch Transmission Technology, Postbus 500, 5000 AM Tilburg, The Netherlands)

Abstract

This study presents an integrated energy and thermal management system to identify the fuel-saving potential caused by cold-starting an electrified powertrain. In addition, it quantifies the benefit of adopting waste heat recovery (WHR) technologies on the ultimate fuel savings. A cold-start implies a low engine temperature, which increases the frictional power dissipation in the engine, leading to excess fuel usage. A dual-source WHR (DSWHR) system is employed to recuperate waste heat from exhaust gases. The energy harvested is stored in a battery and can be retrieved when needed. Moreover, the system recovers waste heat from an electric machine, including power electronics and a continuous variable transmission, to boost the heating performance of a heat pump for cabin heating. This results in a decrease in the load on the battery. The integrated energy and thermal management system aims at maximizing the fuel efficiency for a pre-defined drive cycle. Simulation results show that cold-start conditions affect the fuel-saving potential significantly, up to 7.1% on the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), yet have a small impact on the optimal controller. The DSWHR system improves the fuel economy remarkably, up to 13.1% on the NEDC, from which the design of WHR technologies and dimensioning of powertrain components can be derived. As the optimal solution is obtained offline, a complete energy consumption minimization strategy framework, considering both energy and thermal aspects, is proposed to enable online implementation.

Suggested Citation

  • Caiyang Wei & Theo Hofman & Esin Ilhan Caarls & Rokus van Iperen, 2019. "Integrated Energy and Thermal Management for Electrified Powertrains," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-24, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:11:p:2058-:d:235367
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Alexander Wahl & Christoph Wellmann & Björn Krautwig & Patrick Manns & Bicheng Chen & Christof Schernus & Jakob Andert, 2022. "Efficiency Increase through Model Predictive Thermal Control of Electric Vehicle Powertrains," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.
    2. Tran, Dai-Duong & Vafaeipour, Majid & El Baghdadi, Mohamed & Barrero, Ricardo & Van Mierlo, Joeri & Hegazy, Omar, 2020. "Thorough state-of-the-art analysis of electric and hybrid vehicle powertrains: Topologies and integrated energy management strategies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    3. Caiyang Wei & Theo Hofman & Esin Ilhan Caarls, 2021. "Co-Design of CVT-Based Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-33, March.
    4. Caiyang Wei & Theo Hofman & Esin Ilhan Caarls & Rokus van Iperen, 2020. "A Review of the Integrated Design and Control of Electrified Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1, October.
    5. Hemmati, S. & Doshi, N. & Hanover, D. & Morgan, C. & Shahbakhti, M., 2021. "Integrated cabin heating and powertrain thermal energy management for a connected hybrid electric vehicle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).

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