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Biodiesel by Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil Using Ultrasound: A Kinetic Study of Base-Catalysed Reactions

Author

Listed:
  • José María Encinar

    (Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, Extremadura University, Avenida de Elvas s/n., 06071 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Ana Pardal

    (Department of Applied Sciences and Technology, IP Beja, Rua Pedro Soares s/n., 7800 Beja, Portugal)

  • Nuria Sánchez

    (Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, Extremadura University, Avenida de Elvas s/n., 06071 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Sergio Nogales

    (Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, Extremadura University, Avenida de Elvas s/n., 06071 Badajoz, Spain)

Abstract

The objective of this work was to study the acceleration that ultrasound causes in the rate of biodiesel transesterification reactions. The effect of different operating variables, such as ultrasound power, catalyst (KOH) concentration and methanol:oil molar ratio, was studied. The evolution of the process was followed by gas chromatography, determining the concentration of methyl esters at different reaction times. The biodiesel was characterized by its density, viscosity, saponification and iodine values, acidity index, water content, flash and combustion points, cetane index and cold filter plugging point (CFPP), according to EN 14214 standard. High methyl ester yield and fast reaction rates were obtained in short reaction times. Ultrasound power and catalyst concentration had a positive effect on the yield and the reaction rate. The methanol:oil molar ratio also increased the yield of the reaction, but negatively influenced the process rate. The reaction followed a pseudo-first order kinetic model and the rate constants at several temperatures were determined. The activation energy was also determined using the Arrhenius equation. The main conclusion of this work is that the use of ultrasound irradiation did not require any additional heating, which could represent an energy savings for biodiesel manufacture.

Suggested Citation

  • José María Encinar & Ana Pardal & Nuria Sánchez & Sergio Nogales, 2018. "Biodiesel by Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil Using Ultrasound: A Kinetic Study of Base-Catalysed Reactions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:9:p:2229-:d:165780
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Maria Gabriela De Paola & Ivan Mazza & Rosy Paletta & Catia Giovanna Lopresto & Vincenza Calabrò, 2021. "Small-Scale Biodiesel Production Plants—An Overview," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-20, March.
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    5. Khozeymeh Nezhad, Marziyeh & Aghaei, Hamidreza, 2021. "Tosylated cloisite as a new heterofunctional carrier for covalent immobilization of lipase and its utilization for production of biodiesel from waste frying oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 876-888.
    6. Wei-Hsin Chen & Keat Teong Lee & Hwai Chyuan Ong, 2019. "Biofuel and Bioenergy Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-12, January.
    7. M. A. Hazrat & M. G. Rasul & M. M. K. Khan & N. Ashwath & I. M. R. Fattah & Hwai Chyuan Ong & T. M. I. Mahlia, 2023. "Biodiesel production from transesterification of Australian Brassica napus L. oil: optimisation and reaction kinetic model development," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(11), pages 12247-12272, November.
    8. Ni, Zihao & Zhai, Yuling & Li, Fashe & Wang, Hua & Yang, Kai & Wang, Bican & Chen, Yu, 2020. "Reaction kinetics analysis of branched-chain alkyl esters of palmitic acid and cold flow properties," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 719-729.

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